Lessons from Rs Mcnamara

Strolling Along a Familiar Path In Errol Morris’ narrative Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara, we follow the life and times of previous United States Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara. The clever piece follows his life from birth during World War I, his prosperity at school, sly business vocation at Ford Motor Company, to his inclusion in World War II and his dubious political profession during the Kennedy and Johnson presidential terms.Morris features the narrative around these eleven exercises that McNamara goes through during a meeting for the film. As I would like to think a portion of these ‘lessons’ are only a few assessments of McNamara and some appear to be prodded along by Morris, who is posing the inquiries out of sight. I trust it is through a portion of these exercises that Morris utilizes McNamara’s achievement and disappointments to relate them to current issues, for example, the Iraq and Afghanistan wars; and h ow we appear to step down a natural path.LESSON #5: PROPORTIONALITY SHOULD BE A GUIDELINE IN WAR? â€Å"In request to win a war should you murder 100,000 individuals in a single night, by firebombing or some other way . . . Proportionality ought to be a rule in war. Slaughtering half to 90% of the individuals of 67 Japanese urban communities and afterward bombarding them with two atomic bombs isn't corresponding, in the brains of certain individuals, to the goals we were attempting to accomplish. † Robert McNamara This remark by McNamara resounded all through the film. I realized that there was some shelling in Japan however not to this extent.Morris advances one of the most remarkable employments of symbolism to dazzle the crowd and bring these losses of life to an entire other level. McNamara angrily refers to a progression of Japanese urban areas that were in part or to a great extent wrecked and coordinates them to American urban areas of equivalent size, and requests tha t we envision those U. S. networks comparably desolated. It's a solid point, graphically bolstered by Morris on screen by blazing names and measurements at quickening speed. â€Å"In that solitary night, we consumed to death 100,000 Japanese regular people in Tokyo: men, ladies, and kids. McNamara. Through this shock model, I trust Morris was suggesting the huge organization of troops propelled to battle little powers in Afghanistan and Iraq. Having twenty-5,000 soldiers battling radical powers comprised of little gatherings of guerrilla groups can be scene in certain eyes as over the top and sick proportioned.LESSON #6: GET THE DATA and LESSON #7: BELIEF AND SEEING ARE BOTH OFTEN WRONG. â€Å"At one point, the authority of the boat stated, ‘We're not sure of the assault. At another point they stated, ‘Yes, we're completely positive. ‘ And then at long last late in the day, Admiral Sharp stated, ‘Yes, we're sure it occurred. ‘ So I announced this to J ohnson, and therefore there were shelling assaults on focuses in North Vietnam. † McNamara The significant reality from McNamara is that the acceleration of the Vietnam War began dependent on a deceived from a solitary team thinking they had been torpedoed. This appeared to be a tolerable reason to begin shelling runs, assemble troops and convey them in to South East Asia.The matches between these chain of occasions prompting the Vietnam War and the activities taken by the US government in propelling efforts against Afghanistan and Iraq are fundamentally the same as. While the fear monger assaults on 9/11 were a vicious impetus to the contention in Afghanistan, it was a disengaged assault by a bunch of psychological oppressor. The US turned 9/11 into an assault on Afghanistan holding groups of these fear mongers, in the end upsetting the legislature in power. Another comparative exercise wherein McNamara states we ought to â€Å"Get the data,† can be emphatically identi fied with the US government’s sorry excuse to attack Iraq.The hypothesis that Iraq was making or possessing weapons of mass devastation (WMD) was to a great extent created experience supported by theory and no quantifiable proof. Since 2003, the US has still not discovered WMDs and have immediately avoided this problem under the mat while they change their war tune as an activity of opportunity against overbearing Iraqi government. Exercise #8: BE PREPARED TO REEXAMINE YOUR REASONING. ?†Were the individuals who gave the endorsement to utilize Agent Orange: hoodlums? Were they perpetrating a wrongdoing against humanity?Let's glance at the law. Presently what sort of law do we have that says these synthetics are worthy for use in war and these synthetic compounds are definitely not. We don't have away from of that sort. I never on the planet would have approved an unlawful activity. I'm not so much sure I approved Agent Orange. I don't recollect it however it positively h appened, its utilization happened while I was Secretary. † Another one of McNamara’s solid remarks that identify with that there is an outcome to each move we make and that we should live with that consequence.His work was extreme, and he needed to settle on some basic choices for the product passage of millions in which he, â€Å"Never had knowing the past in settling on choices at that point. † This, I accept, was Morris’ large punch in the mouth to the forces of the George W. Bramble organization and their activities encompassing the intrusion of Iraq. Presently, at the hour of arrival of this narrative the Iraq war was still in the newborn child phases of advancement Morris did not understand how the war would turn out however left us with a solid articulation that somebody would need to be responsible for beginning a vile war.I was once told in a secondary school history class that, â€Å"History is composed by the victors. † McNamara summarize s this statement with a splendid think once more into a portion of his activities during World War II â€Å"[General Curtis] LeMay said in the event that we had lost the war, we would have been arraigned as war lawbreakers. Also, I believe he's privilege . . .. What makes it unethical in the event that you lose and not improper in the event that you win? † Morris insinuates through this exercise somebody should reply to these activities and wash the blood off their mind. Would we be able to gain from history? It is safe to say that we are destined to rehash the missteps that we've made previously, again and again?Or would we be able to gain from history and from the past? These are some genuine inquiries I trust Morris drives us to ask ourselves. I accept that Morris was attempting to raise likenesses of the past as opposed to really relating the Vietnam War explicitly to the Iraqi War, giving us that we are as yet stepping upon our past mix-ups. In the event that we don†™t gain from history and the occasions that pass we will be destined to rehash history, again and again. â€Å"Don’t commit a similar error twice†¦one misstep can demolish a country. † Robert Strange McNamara

Reducing and preventing obesity (through proper exercise, nutrition, Research Paper

Diminishing and forestalling corpulence (through appropriate exercise, sustenance, and way of life changes) - Research Paper Example Stoutness is a developing pestilence in the United States that influences 66% of the grown-up populace (American Obesity, n.d.). Not exclusively is it genuinely unappealing, yet the wellbeing dangers associated with stoutness ought to be everyone’s concern. Corpulence has been connected to cardiovascular maladies, Type 2 diabetes, and expanded dreariness (Flegal, Carroll, Ogden and Curtin, 2010). The insights on heftiness in the course of recent decades have been faltering. Stoutness is preventable through appropriate sustenance, exercise, and way of life changes. Corpulence is named a ceaseless disease of outrageous importance that proper government offices have included it as one of its needs under the national motivation of Health People 2020. Classified under ‘Nutrition and Weight Status’, the program’s objective was to â€Å"promote wellbeing and diminish ceaseless ailment chance through the utilization of energizing eating regimens and accomplishment and upkeep of sound body weights† (Healthy People 2020, n.d., standard. 1). Characterizing heftiness requires understanding the significant component of utilizing the weight file as the system for calculation. The weight list â€Å"determines whether a person’s weight is suitable for stature by isolating the weight in kilograms by the tallness in meters squared† (Delaune and Ladner, 2006, 345). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has authoritatively given separate meanings of corpulence to grown-ups and for kids and teenagers, indeed: â€Å"An grown-up who has a BMI somewhere in the range of 25 and 29.9 is viewed as overweight. A grown-up who has a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese† (CDC: Definition for Adults, 2010, standard. 2).... ory to heftiness, introducing the results, preceding diving into the proposed mediations to address the situation through appropriate sustenance, exercise and way of life changes. Degree and Nature of the Problem The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized corpulence as a worldwide issue. As indicated by its official site, â€Å"once considered an issue just in high pay nations, overweight and stoutness are presently significantly on the ascent in low-and center salary nations, especially in urban settings† (WHO, 2011, standard. 1). Information and insights gave by CDC demonstrate that regardless of the objectives recognized under the Healthy People 2010 program to diminish the extent of grown-ups and youngsters who are fat (CDC: Healthy People 2010, n.d.), the ongoing report uncovered that â€Å"in 2009, no state met the Healthy People 2010 stoutness focus of 10%, and oneself detailed by and large predominance of weight among U.S. grown-ups had expanded 1.1 rate focus es from 2007† (CDC: Vital Signs, 2010, 1). The disturbing result and the keeping expanding pattern have demonstrated the requirement for serious endeavors to concentrate on mediations that would make a positive effect on forestalling and decreasing heftiness. The WHO (2011) distributed applicable realities relevant to worldwide measurements on corpulence and overweight, as refered to beneath: â€Å"1.5 billion grown-ups, 20 and more established, were overweight. Of these 1.5 billion overweight grown-ups, more than 200 million men and about 300 million ladies were hefty. Generally speaking, more than one out of ten of the world’s grown-up populace was obese† (standard. 7) Despite the upsetting figures and measurements, WHO demonstrated that weight can be forestalled. Beside recognizing changes in factors contributory to heftiness, lead organizations, social work and medicinal services professionals have explicitly nitty gritty

Children of Alcoholics and the Fear of Conflict

Children of Alcoholics and the Fear of Conflict Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Print Why Children of Alcoholics Can Be Frightened of Angry People Real Experiences From Adult Children of Alcoholics By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 18, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 17, 2019 Mixmike / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Alcoholics can become mean and abusive when they are drinking. Consequently, their children sometimes grow up being frightened of angry people. Even just a hint of conflict or confrontation can raise anxiety, as there is an underlying fear that the situation may escalate into rage or violence. Although having a fear of angry people is a common characteristic of adult children of alcoholics, its also a possible outcome in several developmental contexts, including children who grew up with a toxic (but not alcoholic) parent (such as those with cluster B personality disorders  like narcissistic personality disorder) and faced physical, psychological, or sexual abuse. Adult children of covert alcoholic or toxic parents often struggle deeply, as they may not even be aware of the emotional abuse and trauma they suffered. How does exposure to angry and abusive behavior as a child affect an adult childs relationships when exposed to anger in the future? Understanding the meaning behind your feelings may help you avoid maladaptive behaviors that could continue to affect you long after your childhood abuse occurred. How Children of Alcoholics May React Around Anger While being around angry and toxic people can lead to tremendous anxiety in the adult children of alcoholics, the specific ways in which this manifests can vary. Some of these behaviors may seem fairly obvious, such as an intense dislike of yelling and screaming. But others, such as being a people pleaser and fixer, are much less obvious, though no less challenging. Many adult children of alcoholics and toxic parents may not be consciously aware that they feel fearful around angry people but may resonate with some of the more defense mechanisms that children can  adopt to cope with such fear. When these behaviors go unaddressed, one significant problem is that they can actually lead people to pursue toxic relationships in the future. For example, some of the behaviors common among adult children of alcoholics can make them a magnet for abusive people and an easy target for bullies. Lets take a look at some of these behaviors that can be maladaptive when carried forward in life. A Need to Fix Things Children of alcoholics and toxic parents often feel a deep need to fix problems, even when a problem is not theirs to fix. A need to fix things can be emotionally draining and exhausting, and since we cant really fix other people, it is often futile as well. One woman described her need to fix things in this way: I have to fix it. I feel panicked if anyone is angry with me and feel like I have to fix it immediately. I put myself in victim situations or convince myself that I dont deserve help because I didnt have it as bad as other people. I feel so alone and awful all the time. Adult children of alcoholics often end up being super responsible. While some responsibility is goodâ€"such as taking responsibility for your own behaviorâ€"it becomes maladaptive when you make yourself responsible for the behavior of another. Women are affected by an alcoholic parent  in different ways than men, and may be more likely to become fixers. This is especially true in the case of the oldest daughter. The need to fix things can become so strong that many adult children report  difficulty in having fun  in their lives. It can take many years before adult children are able to step back and remind themselves that they are not responsible for fixing or repairing another persons issues. To do so, however, can be very freeing, and adult children who have worked on getting past their need to fix things often talk about how much lighter they feel. Unfortunately, toxic people are often only too happy to allow someone else to take on their problems. In other words, if a change is to happen, it needs to come from you. Intolerance of Yelling and Screaming Hearing yelling and screaming can be extremely traumatic for adult children. Many survivors of childhood abuse find that they are very sensitive to any loud or harsh conversation, whether it occurs among friends or only on a TV show. One person described it this way: I hate yelling and screaming! There was never any physical abuse toward me or my two siblings, but there was verbal abuse. My dad would both physically and mentally abuse my mom. I hated the yelling and screaming and to this day cannot handle loud talking or yelling.   Not only are these responses to screaming and yelling uncomfortable; they can lead to maladaptive behaviors and isolation. You might avoid people or situations where there is a chance of loud verbal disagreements.   Living in Constant Fear Growing up as a child of an alcoholic or other abusers can lead to a state of constant fear. Unfortunately, that fear can persist and be triggered by less serious encounters in the future.   One person described it this way: Every day was sheer terror. I was scared of what would happen when my dad came home every day. I was always sweating so much and praying that he wouldnt beat my mom or make a big scene…coming home from school and thinking about what was going to happen when my dad gets home. Is he going to be drunk, is he going to beat me up or beat up my mom? If you grew up in a similar setting, there was a reason for constant fear. Yet many adult children continue to carry this fear long after the source of the fear is gone.   Not only can this fear leave you emotionally on edge, but research suggests that our bodies keep track. Emotional stress results in the release of  stress hormones, which when persistent, can lead to physical problems as well. An Easy Target for Bullies Adult children who grew up with an alcoholic or toxic parent are often an easy target for bullies. We hear quite a bit about bullying in schools, but bullying within the family  is far too common as well. When children grow up with an abusive adult, they may experience the same type of fear with other adults or anyone in a position of authority. One person described it this way: Im such an easy target for bullies. I am very scared of angry people, authority, or any kind of conflict, am easy for bullies to walk all over as I seem to exude a scent of weak and victim that they can smell a mile off.   We hear how predators in the wild can smell fear and that same phenomenon can happen among human animals as well. If an adult child of an alcoholic appears weak or has a victim mentality, its almost like they invite those with a history of substance abuse or narcissistic traits to abuse them. Therapy or being in a support group can help tremendously with this behavior. Within the safe setting of an in-person or online support group, you can practice exhibiting confidence in their interactions with others via role-playing. Forming trusting relationships can also reinforce a healthy model of adult relationships and put you back in control. Conflict Avoidant Behavior Conflict avoidant behavior is classic among adult children of alcoholics and others who were abused as children. The conflicts remembered from childhood are so painful that people attempt to avoid any kind of conflictâ€"even the type of conflict necessary in healthy relationships. One person describes it this way: I avoid any kind of conflict. I  have no self-esteem, am unable to express emotions, have never done well in relationships. I was the one who always tried to hold things together trying to avoid any kind of conflict. While avoiding conflict may have reduced pain during childhood, it can create more pain in adulthood by making it so you tolerate any concerning behavior on the part of others rather than face it head-on. Children of alcoholics often have problems with intimacy  some of which stem from this inability to address conflict. Do Angry People Scare You? Do angry people frighten you? Do you find yourself avoiding confrontation and conflict at all costs? You may wish to take our  adult children of alcoholics screening quiz  to see if you have been affected in other ways as well by growing up as a child of an alcoholic or otherwise dysfunctional home. If you find that this fits, you may become frustrated if you talk with people who grew up in normal homes. On the other hand, you may feel perplexed at how others are able to set boundaries and handle conflict. Many adult children of alcoholics simply  dont know what normal is. Getting Help If you see yourself in any of the behaviors listed above, there is hope. Many adult children of alcoholics and toxic parents find themselves in other relationships with toxic people in the future, and the coping mechanisms for dealing with fear are often at the core of these choices. Having awareness is the first and most important step in recovering from childhood (and adulthood) abuse from parents. There are now many resources available that can help. Adult Children of Alcoholics  meetings can be priceless not only for adult children of alcoholics but adult children of toxic parents in general.  Other support groups such as Codependents Anonymous often deal with the behaviors discussed in this article. Not only do these meetings remind adult children that they are not alone, but they are excellent resources for learning more adaptive coping mechanisms for dealing with conflict and anger in others. Sometimes working with a therapist can be very helpful as well. Not all therapists are alike, and a therapist who is trained in survivors of trauma may be better equipped to help you address your past and move forward in healthy ways. Adult survivors of childhood abuse are, as a group, people who need therapy because another person needs therapy. But seeking out help can make a huge difference in your future relational success and happiness. If you believe you fit the picture we have painted here, seek out support. You will learn that many people grow beyond the abuse they experienced and the behaviors they acquired to lead very fulfilling and happy lives. How Does Parental Alcoholism Affect Kids?

Gatsby And The American Dream - 1180 Words

The American Dream and Gatsby’s Dream in the gigantic city of New York during the roaring 20’s have many similarities. Gatsby becomes lost in his journey to his dream through life when getting re-acquainted with a young â€Å"golden† girl by the name of Daisy. He falls in love with her at such a young age it seems that this is the only girl for him. His only dream is to get Daisy. It’s sad to say due to Gatsbys tunnel vision and isolation, he struggles to create or maintain close relationships in the present because he is trapped in the past. It’s as if Gatsby would give up parts of his dream just to be with Daisy and by attempting to do this he loses sight of reality. Even though he seems lost, his sheer determination to get what he wants is†¦show more content†¦Finally, theres the yellow car that symbolizes Gatsbys deep love for Daisy and his dream. â€Å"It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and toolboxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns† (51). The huge yellow car with many mirrors blinds him, also it symbolizes Gatsby’s vast luxury and greed when Fitzgerald describes Daisy as a golden girl. Gatsby throughout Fitzgerald’s Book is unable to control his emotions when staring at Daisy, and because of this, he loses control of his reality. Gatsby never seems able to make close friend many of his so-called friends just show up to his house to party and they rarely if ever talk or even see him. When Nick arrives a Gatsby’s house he’s unable to find him. â€Å"As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host, but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements, that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone† (35). Gatsby hangs in the background and is very isolated from his â€Å"friends† at his parties and very rarely seen. Fitzgerald sees New York as being like one of Gatsbys parties, only less glamorous and full of people, and full of loneliness. Here you can see that Mr. Gatz (Jay’s father)Show MoreRelatedGatsby And The American Dream2062 Words   |  9 PagesThe G reat Gatsby and the American Dream Having money, a big house, and a happy family is the epitome of what the American Dream is really about. In the book The Great Gatsby, the upper class people like Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, live their younger years abusing their wealth without thinking about the affect they have on themselves, as well as others and what the American Dream is truly about. The meaning of the American Dream can be looked at from different perspectives. So manyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Real American Dream Since its institution, the United States has been revered as the ultimate land of ceaseless opportunity. People all around the world immigrated to America to seek quick wealth, which was predominately seen in the new Modern era. Beginning in the late 1800s to the early 1900s, the period introduced progressive ideas into society and the arts. Accompanying these ideas was a loss of faith in the American Dream and the promise America once guaranteed, especially after WorldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1442 Words   |  6 PagesPursuit of Happiness. This sentiment can be considered the foundation of the American Dream, the dream that everyone has the ability to become what he or she desires to be. While many people work to attain their American dream, others believe that the dream is seemingly impossible to reach, like F. Scott Fitzgerald. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby examines the Jazz-Age generations search for the elusive American Dream of wealth and happiness and scrutinizes the consequences of that generationsRead MoreThe American Dream : The Great Gatsby Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface, but its most commonly understood as a suspicious critic of the American Dream. In the novel Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor past to gain an incredible amount of money and a limited amount of social cache of in the 1920s NYC, only to be rejected by the â€Å"old money† crowd. The focus of my paper would be the pathway towards the American Dream and how it affects the person and others around. The American dreamRead MoreGatsby American Dream Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe American dream is defined as â€Å"an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative† (Google). There were many conflicts that interfered with trying to reach each individual s dream. Each character had their own meaning of their dream, Jay Gatsby especially. He had a big impact in his life, Daisy, which led to failure in his own American dream. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby almost lived out his American dream, by findingRead MoreThe American Dream ( The Great Gatsby )1173 Words   |  5 PagesSLIDE. *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE AMERICAN DREAM (THE GREAT GATSBY). Did anyone notice anything that caused a change in society between these two pictures? *POINTS TO SOMEONE WITH ONE OF THE ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ/QUESTION. READS OUT THE RAPID ECONOMIC BOOMING AND GREED. *NEXT SLIDE. That’s correct! During the 1920s of the Jazz Age in concurrence with the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, America had experienced a rapid economic booming after World War I. The American society experienced an economic and politicalRead MoreThe Great Gatsby American Dream1414 Words   |  6 Pagesfilm is based on the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It follows Jay Gatsby, a man who molds his life around one desire: to be reunited with Daisy Buchanan, the love he lost five years earlier. Gatsby s quest leads him from poverty to wealth, into the arms of his beloved, and eventually to death. Nick Caraway is the narrator, or storyteller, of The Great Gatsby, as well as Daisy s cousin who happens to live next door to Great Gatsby. Daisy represents the paragon of perfection. She has the aura of charmRead MoreAmerican Dream In The Great Gatsby1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream has various implications for diverse individuals. For some people, the concept implies that one can accomplish his or her objectives and goals through living this dream. To others, it provides a beacon of hope, as an open door that individuals desperately desire to enter in pursuit of opportunities. The Americans after World War I, boosted by the emotions of the war, had an uncontrollable vigor about accomplishing and displaying an extravagant way of life and achieving a high socialRead MoreGatsby American Dream Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pages The American Dream The great Gatsby is a classic novel in which money is centered around everything. All Jay Gatsby wants to do is live the American dream. Some say Gatsby did live the American dream. Though Gatsby made lots of money and threw tons of parties their was one thing he was missing. The thing Gatsby was missing was a peaceful state of mind and a lover. In this book written by Scott Fitzgerald called The Great Gatsby Jay Gatsby finds out the American Dream isn t attainableRead MoreGatsby Essay : The American Dream1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream is achievable depending on your perspective and/or attitude. One person can look at the glass as half full, or half empty. Throughout The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gatsby is not able to achieve his dream while Sofia, from the book How the Garcà ­a Girls Lost Their Accents by Julia Alvarez, was able to. It all depended on how they looked upon achieving their goal. In the end, the American dream is to be surrounded by what makes you happy and what you have achieved. Sofia

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The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 25 Free Essays

string(32) " rebuilding went on cheerfully\." TOR HAD WANTED to marry her as part of the celebration of his kingship, and have her acknowledged queen as he was acknowledged king, but Aerin insisted they wait. â€Å"One might almost think you didn’t want to be queen,† Tor said glumly. â€Å"One might almost be right,† replied Aerin. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"But it’s more that I don’t want anybody to have the opportunity to say that I slipped in the back door. That I was assuming everyone would be so preoccupied with you that no one would notice I was being declared official queen by the way.† â€Å"Mm,† said Tor. â€Å"It was Arlbeth who told me that once royalty commits itself it can’t go back into hiding,† Aerin said. Tor nodded his head slowly. â€Å"Very well. But I think you’re doing your people an injustice.† â€Å"Ha,† said Aerin. But Tor was right, although not for the reasons he would have preferred; it had little to do with her fighting in the last battle, and almost nothing to do with the Crown. By the time the three months’ betrothal that Aerin demanded was up and the marriage was performed, thirteen weeks after what had come mysteriously to be called Maur’s battle, most Damarians (all but a few hidebound courtiers) seemed to have more or less forgotten that they had ever held the last king’s daughter in so lively an antipathy; and affectionately they called her Fire-hair, and Dragon-Killer. They even seemed to enjoy the prospect of Aerin as their new queen; certainly the wedding was a livelier meeting than Tor’s crowning had been, and the crowd cheered when Tor declared Aerin his queen, which startled them both. But many things that had happened before the day Maur’s head had been dragged into the City had faded from people’s memory, and at the wedding they said comfortably to one another that it was true that the first sol’s mother had been a commoner from some outlandish village in the North, and that Aerin-sol had always been an odd sort of child; but she had grown into her rank quite satisfactorily, and she had certainly helped turn the Northern tide with that funny foreign sword of hers and those wild animals that were so fond of her (there are worse spells than those that make wild animals tame). Besides, while Tor had remained obstinately single, all the other sols of his generation had gotten themselves married off; and Aerin was, whatever her faults, a first sol. And when Aerin understood at last what had happened, she laughed. So Maur did me a good turn after all, she thought. That’s the finest victory of all. It was called Maur’s battle perhaps because it had been fought on what was now known as Maur’s plain. While much else had been forgotten, or at least become a little blurry, of the events before the seasons the City had borne with Maur’s head held in the king’s castle like an enormous jewel, everyone well remembered that at the end of the battle the stretch of earth at the foot of the king’s way was a destroyed forest, and that bodies of people and beasts, and of half-beasts and half-people, lay everywhere, with broken bits of war gear mixed with the broken landscape. And they remembered Maur’s skull rushing down on them – flaming, they said, like a living dragon, its jaws open to spew fire – and spinning past them in the darkness. And in the morning, when they awoke, instead of low rolling hills despoiled by war, they found a plain, flat as a table, stretching from the burnt-out fire where the survivors had slept huddled together to the feet of Vasth and Kar and the pass where Aerin had paused and seen what awaited her and gathered herself and her army together. It was a desert plain, and it remained a desert; nothing grew there, nor would grow, but a little low scrub. Desert creatures came to live there, and a new sort of hunting dog was bred to run by sight, and the City dwellers came to love the wild sweet song of the britti, the desert lark. They took to holding horse races on the plain after the first few years of staring at it nervously had worn off, and the uncanniness was lost in familiarity; and then various games of skill were pursued there, mock battles and sword-play, and it became a much better practice ground than the old cramped space behind the castle and the royal stables at the peak of the Ci ty. It was a handy spot for the drilling of cavalry, and Tor paid much attention to the rebuilding of his cavalry, for he, like his wife, if perhaps no one else in the City, remembered very clearly what had happened in the months preceding Maur’s battle. The Laprun trials therefore grew in size and importance, which was all to the good; what was less good was the growing popularity of the churakak, the duel of honor, fought by those a little too proud of their ability to fight. The first year’s harvest after the battle was a scanty one, but Arlbeth had grain set aside for just such an occurrence, and as there were fewer Damarians to be fed than when he had built his warehouses, the winter was no harder than a winter after a good harvest, although everyone was thoroughly sick of porridge by the time spring came. But spring did come, and people stirred themselves, and many of them felt quite like their old selves, and went out to dig in the ground or refurbish their shops or look to their stock and their holdings with good heart. Those who had remained in the City over the winter, to nurse their wounds and regain their strength, went home to their villages and began the long process of rebuilding, and most of the rebuilding went on cheerfully. You read "The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 25" in category "Essay examples" Tor and Aerin sent aid where they could, and some of the new villages were handsomer (and better drained) than the old ones had been. It was during the first winter that Aerin, wandering vaguely one day in the center-court garden of the castle, felt that there was something at the gate she had entered by. She frowned at it till she remembered what it was: the great oil green surka vine was gone. She stared round at all the gates to be sure she had not mistaken it, but it was not there; and she went in search of Tor, and asked what had happened to it. Tor shook his head. â€Å"There isn’t any surka any more – anywhere. One day – a fortnight, maybe, before Maur’s battle, they all went. I saw this one; the smoke came from nowhere, but when it cleared, the surka was a charred skeleton. It was such a weird sort of thing, and everyone was preoccupied with weird sorts of things that always turned out to be unpleasant, that the remains were rooted out and buried. â€Å"Arlbeth said it was a sign too clear to be ignored, even if we didn’t know what it meant, and so we carried no standard during the final days of the siege of the City.† He frowned. â€Å"The surka seems to be something I want to remind people of; we’re probably better off without it. No more Merths.† He smiled at her. â€Å"And no more Aerins,† said Aerin feelingly. Some who had lost too much stayed on in the City when spring came; Katah had lost her husband, and she and her six children asked to stay on in the king’s castle, where she had grown up. Tor and Aerin were glad to say yes, for the castle was a little too empty; not only Perlith was gone, but Thurny and Gebeth and Orin, and many others. And Aerin found the reliable and practical Katah invaluable in sorting out which petitions and complaints to bend her royal judgment on, and which to ignore. â€Å"I have found my calling,† said poor Katah, who missed her husband: â€Å"I was meant to be a royal secretary.† â€Å"You were meant to be the power behind the throne,† said Aerin. â€Å"I shall cover you with a velvet drape and you can whisper to me what to tell the people as they come.† Katah laughed, as she was supposed to. Katah was not the only one that the passing of time did not heal. Galanna’s hair had gone grey during that first winter, and was white by the time the second spring after the battle came. She was quieter, and slower, and while she looked with no love upon Damar’s new queen, she caused, and wished to cause, no more trouble. As Katah was a hard and honest worker, Aerin could contrive to steal a little time to chase dragons – whose numbers had greatly fallen off since the Northerners’ defeat – and to teach a suddenly considerable number of interested young men and women what she knew about dragon-hunting. Among other things, she found out what she had known all along, that she had a superior horse. No horse liked wearing kenet, and most of them were much nastier about it than Talat had ever been; and then there was the fact that Aerin had no idea what to tell her students to do with their reins while they were trying to pin a dragon with their spears. Somehow or other Aerin’s dragon-hunting lessons began to spill into horsemanship lessons, and she taught her pupils first about riding without stirrups, and later without reins. By trial and error she trained a few young horses to go as Talat had gone for her – to prove to herself as much as to anyone else that it could be done with other horses – and she learned to have an eye for the horses who could learn what she wished to teach them, and those who could not. Soon the queen of Damar was rumored to be an uncanny judge of horseflesh, and her opinion on this colt or that mare was frequently sought. Hornmar had taken a bad wound in his side, and he was older than the king he had served, and Arlbeth’s death weakened him almost as much as his own hurt. He had to retire from his post as the head of the sofor; but he lived in the castle still, and at his request he was permitted to have the care of his old friend Talat. Aerin was forced to be grateful for this, for she had too much work, now, to be able to attend to Talat as frequently as she had been accustomed to do, and was yet jealous of who tended him in her place. She would not have wished to leave him to any ordinary groom, however skilled and worthy. Talat himself was as vain and cheerful as ever after a few weeks’ holiday, and had as bottomless a hunger for mik-bars, but he was beginning to feel his age at last, and Aerin or Hornmar had to chase him around with a stick to make him exercise his weak leg on the days Aerin did not have time to ride. But the leg was strong enough that when a few mares were cautiously introduced to him in his pasture, desirable results were born eleven months later. His foals were all bright-eyed and bouncy from their first breath, and Hornmar and Aerin were very careful about who had the handling of them; and all of them grew up to go bridleless like their sire, and many of them had his courage. The royal kennels were expanded, and the yerig and folstza who chose to stay near their lady were given their own quarters, although the door to the back stairs that led to Aerin’s old rooms was always left open. It was observed, though the thotor kennel-masters were at first too timid to do any crossbreeding deliberately, that some of the royal bitches gave birth to taller and hairier puppies than any official royal bloodlines could explain; and it was from these crosses that the long-legged desert dogs eventually came. And after a few generations of kittens grew up and had more kittens, the folstza began to accept more human masters than Aerin, and to hunt on command, at least mostly. Even tamed cats have minds of their own. Having her own quarters did not stop the yerig queen, now Kala, from bearing her first City litter in the middle of Aerin and Tor’s bed. â€Å"Oh, gods,† said Aerin, who found her, or them: five excellent puppies, and a very proud Kala. â€Å"Teka will flay you alive.† Teka, so far from flaying anyone alive, adopted one of the puppies, named it Ursha after a small pink wild flower, and it grew up to be a great hulking beast, bigger than its mother, with a singularly wicked look, and a disposition as gentle as a featherbed. Tor had been king less than three years when he was first called the Just, for the even-handedness of his wisdom; a wisdom, they said, that was never cold, and that sat strangely in the eyes of a man not yet forty. Aerin knew where some of that old wisdom came from, for she had first seen it the afternoon that he had told her she should be queen, had asked her to marry him; the same afternoon that he had not asked her about Luthe. She hoped that she might never be careless of Tor’s feelings: Tor, who had been her best friend all her life, and sometimes her only friend. Perhaps the memory of the reek of Maur’s despair made her a little forgetful too, for she began to think of the wide silver lake as a place she had visited only in dreams, and of the tall blond man she had once known as a creature of those dreams; for the not quite mortal part of her did sleep, that she might love her country and her husband. How to cite The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 25, Essay examples

Philippine National Railway free essay sample

Transportation has been used since man knew how to walk. As time passed, it grew to not only having one way to travel but a variety of means, from cars to planes, and from highways to railways. A great example of how transportation has grown and adapted through time, can be seen through the Philippine National Railway. â€Å"The PNR carries a significant role in the future of our mass transportation system that would, not only carry commuters in Metro Manila but also passengers who would like to travel in the northern and southern parts of Luzon† (PNR, 2013). â€Å"The PNR played an important role that shaped our nation to what it is today. It is very rich in history† (PNR, 2013). The PNR could not be what it is today if not for its influential history, from how it began, to its ups and downs, and to what it is today. 3. HISTORY Its started when colonial era is near to end. They established Ferrocarill de Manila-Dagupan by the royal fiat from king of spain named Alfonso. Few months passed after King Alfonso hired a new Inspector of Public Works they submitted a plan for that railway and they call it â€Å" Memorial Sobre El Plan General De Ferrocarriles En La Isla De Luzon†. Earliear they approve it on June 1, 1887 that railway line is from Manila to Dagupan. But there are people argued for it for several reasons, they transfer it to Don Carlos Bertodano. They represent MRRCo or Manila Rail Road Company. In November 1896, the revolutionary forces overtook and interrupted rail traffic at various point, having the new north line operated for at least four years. After the revolution the Americans wanted to gain power over the Philippines and so theyve decided to buy out the Philippines from the Spaniards but this decision caused so much that theyve declared war against each other but theyve both made a treaty which was later on called the treaty of Paris  and the two conqueror agreed and surrendered to each other. September 1, 1939 when the Germany invaded Poland and that was the start of World War II, while in 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, it has been going for two years forcing the US to join the war. After a year Japanese occupied our country. That was 1945 including imperial army takes control of it until the war was completion. After despite of everything happened, the Philippine rail road became modernized from 1954-1956 The Manila Railroad Company finally converted their trains from steam into diesel. Within the following decade, The Manila Railroad Company was changed its name to Philippine National Railways under Republic Act No. 4156. 4. CHALLENGES The destruction of PNR operation due to typhoon and informal setters of PNR’s right-of-way was rehabilitated and revived by the Philippine government. The total reconstruction of rail bridges and tracks, including replacement of the current 35-kilogram track with newer 50-kilogram tracks and the refurbishing of station. The first phase; involving conversion of all tracks in the Manila metropolitan area was completed in 2009. On July 14, 2009 PNR encountered its diesel multiple units. The Philippine government tried to understate repairs despite the problems and hindrances. It was truly a big endeavor. The types of rolling stock run on PNR’s lines maintain and increase in having capacity. These are the locomotives, the counter express or convex cars, baggage cars, diesel rail car or DRC, and the newly acquired Manila encountered train, the Korean diesel multiple unites or DMUS 5. The North Main Line (Green Line) and the South. Main Line (Orange Line) is the two different rail line owned by the Philippine National Railways that server various parts of Luzon. South Main Line (Orange Line) is the only operating line that serves as the regional backbone of Southern Luzon. In the past PNR also used to serve provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan and La Union on the North Main Line, and Batangas on the South Main Line, Presently PNR. Operates in the Manila Metropolitan area and the provinces of Laguna, Luzon, Camarines Sur and Albay. Plans are also afoot to revive previously discontinued services. Metro Commuter also known as Commuter Express commonly called the Commex, serves as the commuter rail services for the Manila Metropolitan area, extending as far the South as Binan in Laguna. GE Locomotives in used by PNR as well as the procured Hyundai Rotem DMUs, for this service. 6. Presently the new DMUs is currently offered between Tutuban and Alabang in Muntinlupa City, vehicle a daily Commex run between Manila and Binan City, Laguna run using GE Locomotives, Currently, Commex trains make 38 daily trips, 19 in each direction The Bicol commuter is the commuter rail backbone of the Bicol region. All the operations of PNR in the Bicol Region, Central Luzon, Metro Manila have been successfully operated and continuously existing the calamities and obstacle that hides its good services. PNR has its own virtual monopoly of the long distance land travel and commuting. Aside from it offers a wide-range of services in land travel and commuting, it also employed more than 7,000 personnel in plantilla position. Despite of the numerous obstacles, such as two world wars , two revolutions, countless typhoons, volcanic eruptions, bureau crated neglect and mismanagement PNR still exists and continuously offering its services for more than 121 years. 7. Through the help of DOTC Secretary Mar Roxas and the feel backing of President Benigno â€Å"Noynoy† Aquino, PNR still responds to the needs of the commuters and extends its services to fullest. TODAYS PNR People, goods and trades moving without delay is a sign of progress. It brings profit to both private and public benefits and services and services. The reason for which the government maintains public transportation is because people need them. Also certainly the reason why people eagerly anticipate the rehabilitation of the PNR infrastructure and trains, especially the Bicol Express. From the time rail tracks were laid in the Manila-Dagupan rail near the end of the Spanish period, to date, without hindrance of the world wars, revolutions, natural disasters, 8. Bureaucratic neglect and mismanagement, the PNR trains would have been running for 121 years. Responding to the public need has been paramount motivation for PNR’s Board of Direction to set the agency’s long term directions and operations. More important now is that since the repeated attempts to full rehabilitation and motive of power for ongoing worlds at PNR is the support of President Noynoy Aquino himself. The president knows that the people are waiting. He knows how much resources are required towards full rehabilitation. PNR today can only respond in kind by overcoming the odds of its recent history. All existing resources and rehabilitation works are maximized to fast rash all progress. Before train operators can even think of replacing the trains or railcars themselves, the tracks railroad ties, and bedding or embankment must be strengthened or recondition to carry the weight of new rolling stock. At present, to reinforce tracks and bridges, PNR is replacing the existing wooden ties with prestressed concrete sleepers. Other rehabilitation measures include ballasting tracks, replacement of corroded rails, widening of embankment, and reconstruction of damaged culverts. PNR is also completing fuming-up measures to improve to bridges and drainage systems. 9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PNR The Philippines traveling land trains called PNR Fil track trains travel from Sucat to Manila are less comfortable than before. The reason of the problem is the heavy rains that proved over capital; more passengers used the said transportation. So I’ll tell the advantages and disadvantages in riding the PNR Fil track and its adventure. Here is my story: I ride the train at the Espana station and I see that all the seats are full and occupied. I stand hold to the safety hand railings and start my journey. First you’ll find it difficult to ride this station but if you do this every day of your life, you’ll see that this station is the best among the rest. This train passes by sta. Mesa where you can see the school of Polytechnic University of the Philippines or PUP. During the vacation, There are few passengers coming in from this station but I don’t know how it goes when the classes starts. After Sta. Mesa station your next destinations are Pandacan, Paco, San Andres, and Vito Cruz stations. At this stations as you will feel bored and sleepy like you are watching movie the part of that no actions no excitements and no development are happening. But when you reach the Buendia Station, the adventure or the climax begins at this point because this is considered to be the center of business where you can find the establishments, houses, buildings that build the construction workers. The pleasant and quite comfortable train before become unpleasant and uncomfortable transportation for the people because of different smell and huge numbs of  passengers who transport at this train because of this station, you need to move a little bit or put your bag on to your back or shoulders to have a goods space. Sometimes, you’ll see the scene of pushing and pulling because of some Filipinos who are lack of discipline. At this point if you have gadgets like mp3 please plug in before you reach this station and hold very tightly out the waiting and be prepared for the different smell those you will encounter from the passengers coming from their hard work under the sun. The train passes by Pasay Road Station and the already fully and congested train becomes like a thin of sardines, no spaces and no movements are allowed. Passengers stand shoulder to shoulder are only your head can move. The main event of your travel or the climax in the movie in my observation, I discovered that the men can be more talkative than women at times you’ll have them saying bad words with different Filipino language versions. The next station are EDSA-Magallanes, Nicholes and FTI stations; the problems in these station are being resolved when you reach the Bicutan station all your sacrifice and difficulties in your travel like muscle pain in your lower and upper limbs will end. When you leave the train and step on the platform/ and breath the fresh air. When you reach your destination, you’ll feel exhausted like a dog, hungry as a horse and a bit messy 11. And sweaty like a little kid. Despite all these problems and hindrances that I have encountered through my journey I am very grateful to have this transportation with air-conditioned. I’m very proud and thankful to the Government that gives a comfortable train for the people who use this train, let the passenger pay for as long as 15 pesos from Espna to Bicutan I just want to clarify to the people who can read this that this is not a black propaganda against the government. This is just the truth and factual record of my story in the Philippine National Railway.