Classical argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical argument - Essay Example These regulations are adopted in most airlines although they are in constant conflict between the newly introduced smoking law introduced in 1989 in The United States and the human rights laws. Among the pros is that nonsmokers travel in a conducive environment. The passive-smoker is exposed to more harm than the direct smoker himself in terms of effects such as lung cancer, colds, and sore eyes as a result of dwindling air circulation. Therefore, in-flight smoking law has achieved its purpose to offer comfort and enhancing safety in flights. There are those who argue that flights are also like work places and similar to allowing smoking there, so should smoking be done in flights to observe the right of free will provided flight attendants utilize all air channels in the plane. Some talk of introduction of smoking zones in the planes. I do not agree that this should justify allowing in-flight smoking compared to the disadvantages that include even possible fires on the plane and health challenges. In-flight smoking ought to be emphasized in or airlines and banned for

Human Figures in Landscapes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Figures in Landscapes - Article Example These three paintings are placed on the timeline between the 1950s to almost the present time. The immediate years post-war witnessed a heightened level of cultural nationalism during which aboriginal cultures gained considerable weight (Foss, Paikowsky& Whitelaw, 2010, 357).The selected paintings also show a chronological growth from the 1950s to the present time in painting a theme like this. The paintings extend from 1956 to 2007 and that is a time in which a lot of things changed and many new techniques and schools emerged. But in my paper, I do not want to link these paintings to any such type of restrictions along the lines of schools of arts or any specific technique. I am going to compare them with each other only on the basis of the theme that I selected for the paper and that is Human figures in landscapes. So I will just compare them according to how well the theme is presented in all three of them.The first painting that I chose is isSun Dance Scene, Blood Reserve by Gera ld Tailfeathers. Tailfeathers was a Native Canadian artist and so he was close to heart with the Native aboriginal culture and their traditions. Being one of the very few Native Canadians who painted, he fulfilled his duty to the great colorful lost culture by painting their traditions. It is painted on paper using watercolors and watercolor is a wise medium for this painting because it gives the painting a tinge of easy simplicity and vividness. The painting shows a scene from the Native culture of Blood Reserve.

Improving the Efficiency of Semantic Based Search

Improving the Efficiency of Semantic Based Search An Effective Approach to Improve the Efficiency of Semantic Based Search Merlin Ann Roy ABSTRACT: The incredible progress in the size of data and with the great growth of amount of web pages, outdated search engines are not suitable and not proper any longer. Search engine is the best significant device to determine any information in World Wide Web. Semantic Search Engine is innate of outdated search engine to solve the above problem. The Semantic Web is a postponement of the existing web where data is given in fixed meaning. Semantic web tools have an vital role in improving web search, because it is functioning to produce machine readable data and semantic web technologies will not exchange traditional search engine Introduction The keyword search engine does not provide the relevant result because they do not know the meaning of the words and expressions used in the web pages. The incredible progress in the size of data and with the excessive development of amount of web pages, traditional search engines are not suitable and not proper anymore. Search engine is an important tool to determine any information in World Wide Web. The Semantic Web is an postponement of the existing web where data is given in fixed meaning. Semantic web machineries have a vital role in improving web search, because it is functioning to produce machine readable data and semantic web technologies will not exchange traditional search engine. The keyword search engine like Google and yahoo and the semantic search engine like Hakia, DuckDuckGo and Bing are selected to search. While comparing both of the search engines, semantic engine result was shown better than keyword search engine. Some pages contain hundreds of words just to attract the users. It shows only the advertisement of the page rather than giving the relevant result to the users, If a user gives a keyword in the search engine that itself will suggest for so many pages according to the previous user search. But if the keyword is wrong it does not going to show up anything. This research work proposes a framework to resolve this problem called enhanced skyline sweep algorithm. Algorithm says that even if the particular keyword given by the user is wrong, the search engine is going to give the relevant result to the user 2. Semantic Web Search Engine The semantic search greatly advances search exactness of the query related data and the search engine provides the exact content, the user intent to know. There’s no rejecting the control and reputation of the Google search engine. By using semantic search engine we will ensure that it results in more relevant and smart results. The search engines are able to compare or extract the data and gives very relevant results for the queries. A. Approaches to Semantic Web There are four methods for semantic search. And the method differs that is based on the semantic search engine .First method uses contextual analysis to help to disambiguate queries. Second is reasoning and third is natural language reasoning and the fourth is ontology search 3. Literature Survey In [1] researchers comparing the performance of different keyword search techniques and there results was not up to the expectation level .The run time performance was poor and the execution times for various search techniques vary for different evaluations In [2], it explains and proposes an effective move towards keyword query in relational database. Keyword search technique in the web cannot be applied directly to the databases as data which present in the internet are of different forms. That is in databases the information is seen as data tuples and relationships. Researchers proposes a model called semantic graph model consist of database metadata, database values, user terms and their semantic connections In [3], Systems produce answers quickly for many queries but the other side many others they take a long time or sometimes fail to produce answer after exhausting memory. It conclude that this approach is successful in returning a combination of answers in predictable amount of time In [4],researchers investigates about the problem that occurs when the user searches for a data base query on a SQL database SQL database suggests so many tuples that satisfies the given query. The problem is when too many tuples are there in the answer. It leads to many-answers problem .They propose a ranking approach for the answers for database queries In [5], researchers found that the problem for the graphical structured textual data is extracting best answer trees from a data graph. XML and HTML data can be characterized as graphs by using entities as nodes and relationships as edges. To achieve this elasticity, they create a novel search frontier prioritization technique and this technique is centered on spreading activation. In [6], it proposed a new approach semantic search engine which will answer the intelligent queries and also more efficiently and accurately. They used XML Meta tags to search the information. The XML page contains built in and user defined tags. The proposed approach proves that it takes less time to answer the queries. Using W3C compliant tools helps the system to work on any platform In [7] it evaluates search performance of various search engine by allowing each query to run in keyword based search engine as well as semantic based search engine. For both keyword-based search engines and the semantic based search engine semantic search engine performance was low In [8] it presented a generic approach for mapping queries in a user language into an expressive logical language and also presented a particular instantiation of our generic approach which translates keyword queries into DL conjunctive queries using knowledge available in the KB In [9], Semantic knowledge has repeatedly been engaged to apply relational database reliability. It also proposals the chance to convert a query into a semantically equivalent query which is more efficient .This paper explains a meaning based transformation technique that uses constraints and semantic integrity to reduce the cost of query processing In [10], In this paper, a survey is done on the web search engine that are developed by different authors and they confirmed that no search engine gives answer properly and seamlessly modern means up-to-date In [11], This paper, a survey done about the semantic based search engine to extract the gifted features of various semantic search engine and also it says about the explanation of some of the better semantic search engine In [12], In this paper, a survey is done on the approaches and features of some of the semantic search engines and they give a detail about the various advantages and techniques of some of the best semantic search engine .And the difference between the semantic search engines and traditional search In [13],the paper says that retrieving relevant information by the search engine is tough. To solve the above problem the semantic search engine plays a vital role in computer system. A survey is done on the generations of search engines and advantages, features of the various search engines and also survey is done on the role in web In [14], Traditional search engine does not provide the relevant information because it does not know the meaning but the semantic search engine are meaning based search engine and it can overcome the above problem. This paper gives a brief about the traditional search engine and keyword search engine In [15], the paper says that however a number of techniques have been implemented and proposed those all had a lack of standardization for system evaluation. This paper gives an empirical evaluation of the performance for the relational keyword search systems. They concluded with the results like many existing search technique is not giving a good performance and also discover the relationship between execution time and factors that mottled in earlier calculations 4. Methodology Fig 1: System Architecture The above Fig 1 says that when the user gives a particular query in the semantic search engine it will extract the relevant result and gives to the user. If the particular query is wrong the result is not going to show to the user .So the skyline sweep algorithm helps to give the relevant result even if the particular query is wrong by key combination process. In this various enhancements on resource in keyword search is introduce the Skyline sweep is the process of extension has been an active area of research throughout the past decade. Despite a significant number of research papers being published in this area, no research prototypes have transitioned from proof-of-concept implementations into deployed systems. The lack of technology transfer coupled with discrepancies among existing evaluations indicates a need for a thorough, independent empirical evaluation of proposed search techniques. Two data sets IMDb and Wikipedia contain the full text of articles, which emphasizes sophi sticated ranking schemes for results. Our data sets roughly span the range of data set sizes that have been used in other evaluations even though our IMDb and Wikipedia data sets are both subsets of original databases. Using a database subset likely overstates the efficiency and effectiveness of evaluated search techniques. A. USER INTERFACE To connect with server user must give their username and password then only they can able to connect the server. If the user already exits directly can login into the server else user must register their details such as username, password and Email id, into the server. Server will create the account for the entire user to maintain upload and download rate. Name will be set as user id. . Logging in is usually used to enter a specific page. Example: Create node and set name, port for that node. Nodes are created and displayed. B. ADMIN MODULE: Admin maintain the user information. And he can upload the file to search the user. The file uploaded completed then only the user can able to search the file what we are want. And then admin can check the user information. Suppose here one file is searched that related all information is stored into admin. Searching information mean when the user searched the file and timing everything stored in admin. Finally admin check what file we are uploaded. Example: Admin upload the files into database .And then check the uploaded files. C.  Query processing Query processing means what we are searching that is passed by query. Admin uploaded all files are stored in database. User search in database where is available the requested keyword. Suppose the requested file is available in database that is passed to user. Suppose the user give one keyword depends upon the keyword all related lines are displayed. In that line from user get what are the data we need. This file searching and execution details is stored in data base. When ever need this we can able to view this details. Example: User searches the Query (keyword) in database. User gets that query related output. D. Recommended module Recommended module meant suppose now we give any keyword wrongly that word automatically going to mapped correct keyword. And then displayed what are the keyword mapped related that word. Suppose we give any wrong keyword that related all correct word going to mapped and displayed. Here we used â€Å"Skyline sweep algorithm† for automatically checked that correct keyword. Example: The user gives the wrong query. Key combination Will give the correct output E. Top ranking File ranking can be viewed by the chart. Top rank meant most of the files viewed by user that is called top ranked. That files are come in first. After then only comes the user searching keyword. So now we can easily understand which files are mostly viewed by user. That ranking is displayed in chart. Example: User searches the keyword. The keyword already viewed by user, that keyword displayed in first. 6. Advantages Reduce Time consumption during retrieval. Efficient to search an data in various search engines. Easy to execute in realistic manner in proposed system 7. Conclusion and Future Work It is concluded that searching the internet today is a encounter and it is projected that approximately partial of the complex questions go unanswered .Semantic search has the power to enhance the traditional web search. Whether a search engine can meet all these conditions still remain a question .We proposed a framework using enhanced skyline sweep algorithm to overcome this problem. In which the process can be done by the favor a realistic query workload instead of a larger workload with queries that are unlikely to be representative in various resource that can being with experimental results do not reflect well on existing relational keyword search techniques. Runtime performance is unacceptable for most search techniques. Memory consumption is also excessive for many search techniques in our experimental results, question to the scalability and improvements claimed by previous evaluations so we will prefer the consumption on runtime of searching an data in upcoming technologies . 8. References [1] J. Coffman and A.C. Weaver, â€Å"An Empirical Performance Evaluation of Relational Keyword Search Systems,† Technical Report CS-2011-07, Univ. of Virginia, IEEE transaction on knowledge and data engineering, Vol. 26, No. 1,January 2014 [2] Jarunee Saelee, Veera Boonjing,† A metadata data search approach to keyword query in relational databases, International Journal of Computer Applications pp. 140-149, May 2013 [3] A. Baid, I. Rae, J. Li, A. Doan, and J. Naughton, â€Å"Toward Scalable Keyword Search over Relational Data,† University of Wisconsin, Madison fbaid, ian, jxli, anhai, [emailprotected] [4] F. Surajit Chaudhuri, Gautam Das, â€Å"Probabilistic Ranking of Database Query Results,† Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98053 USA {surajitc, gautamd}@microsoft.com [5] V. Kacholia, S. Pandit, S. Chakrabarti, S. Sudarshan, R. Desai, and H. Karambelkar, â€Å"Bidirectional Expansion for Keyword Search on Graph Databases,† Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay [emailprotected] [emailprotected] {Soumen, Sudarsha, hrishi}@cse.iitb.ac.in [emailprotected] [6] Ritu Khatri, Kanwalvir Singh Dhindsa, Vishal Khatri â€Å"Investigation and Approach Of New Analysis Of Intelligent Semantic Web Search Engine† International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-1, Issue-1, April 2012 [7] Duygu Tà ¼mer, Mohammad Ahmed Shah, YÄ ±ltan Bitirim â€Å"An Empirical Evaluation on Semantic Search Performance of Keyword-Based and Semantic Search Engines: Google, Yahoo, Msn and Hakia† Fourth International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection, 2009 [8] Thanh Tran, Philipp Cimiano, Sebastian Rudolph and Rudi Studer â€Å"Ontology-based Interpretation of Keywords for Semantic Search† Institute AIFB, University à ¤t Karlsruhe, Germany [9] W. David Haseman, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, [emailprotected] Tung-Ching Lin, Nationa Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, [emailprotected] Derek L. Nazareth, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, [emailprotected] â€Å"An Intelligent Approach to Semantic Query Processing† [10] S. Latha Shanmuga Vadivu1, M. Rajaram2, and S. N. Sivanandam3 â€Å"A Survey on Semantic Web Mining Based Web Search Engines†ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences VOL. 6, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2011 [11] Anusree.ramachandran, R.Sujatha School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University† Semantic search engine: A survey† Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl., Vol 2 (6), 1806-1811 [12] G .Sudeepthi1 , G. Anuradha ,Prof. M.Surendra Prasad Babu â€Å"A Survey on Semantic Web Search Engine† IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 2, No 1, March 2012 [13] G.Madhu1 and Dr.A.Govardhan2 Dr.T.V.Rajinikanth3 â€Å"Intelligent Semantic Web Search Engines: A Brief Survey† International journal of Web Semantic Technology (IJWesT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2011 [14] Junaidah Mohamed Kassim and Mahathir Rahmany Introduction to Semantic Search Engine 2009 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics5-7 August 2009, Selangor, Malaysia [15] Joel Coffman, Alfred C. Weaver â€Å"An Empirical Performance Evaluation of Relational Keyword Search Systems† Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA

Plight of the Code Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay

The Plight of the Code Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his novels Ernest Hemingway suggests a code of behavior for his characters to follow: one that demands courage in difficult situations, strength in the face of adversity, and grace under pressure.   Termed the "code hero," this character is driven by the principal ideals of honor, courage, and endurance in a life of stress, misfortune, and pain.   Despite the hero's fight against life in this violent and disorderly world, he is rarely the victor.   The code that the hero follows demands that he act honorably in this uphill battle and find fulfillment by becoming a man and proving his worth.   Hemingway himself lived his life trying to show how strong and unlimited he was, a trait reflected in his novels as his heroes struggle through.   They are all martyrs to their cause, suffering but triumphantly ending their lives because they do not falter and show no weakness.   Destroyed, they are nevertheless winners because they do not give in.   "Su ccess is that old ABC -- ability, breaks, and courage" (Luckman n. pag.).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway's heroes succeed precisely because of these characteristics.   Hemingway's heroes are not Marvel Heroes; they do not leap over tall buildings in a single bound, nor do they shoot spider webbing from their hands.   They traverse life and endure the pain dealt them, surviving with a moral and spiritual, but not material, victory.   They are not flat cardboard characters but real people who are heroes because they overcome a problem, not because they have a special ability.   The key trait that they have is the retention of their dignity.   The code heroes in TheOld Man and the Sea, The Sun Also Rises, and For Whom the B... .... _____.   The Old Man and the Sea.   USA: Scribners, 1952. _____. "Quotations Organized by Topic," <http://www.quoteland.com/quotes/topic/147.html> (18 May 1999). _____.   The Sun Also Rises.   USA: Scribners, 1926. Lord Byron. "Quotations Organized by Topic," <http://www.quoteland.com/quotes/topic/147.html> (18 May 1999). Luckman, Charles. "Quotations Organized by Topic," <http://www.quoteland.com/quotes/topic/147.html> (18 May 1999). McConnell, Frank.   The Modern Novel in America, Regnery, revised edition,1963, pg. 814.   Rpt. In World Literature Criticism.   Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. "Oscar Wilde." http://www.cp-tel.net/miller/BilLee/quotes/Wilde.html (18 May 1999). Shalizi, Cosma. "For Whom the Bell Tolls," <http://www.physics.wisc.edu/~shalizi/Poetry/Donne/For_whom_the_Bell_Tolls>   (1 May 1999).

Contrast of Carrefour and Wal-Mart Essay

Since the American entrepreneur, Clarence Saunders, opens his first Piggly Wiggly store in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1916, the concept of self-service store has swept the globe. With the largest population in the world, China is expected to be the world’s biggest retail market which is now already the world’s fastest-growing market. ( Anon, 2011:1) As the world’s first and second largest retail groups, Carrefour and Wal-Mart are one their way piling in. However, with 5000 years of traditional history and 30 years of planned economy, china has already formed its own market tradition. Though, the two giants both need to face the special Chinese market, in some aspects, they use different strategies and have different market feedback. This essay will illustrate the similar strategies the two retail groups have been using and also analyze the ways they use to adapt to the Chinese market differently. To begin with, for opening the Chinese market, Carrefour and Wal-Mart both choose to cooperate with the local commercial. $1 billion was given to Wal-Mart’s 100 hypermarkets’ supply chain, ranging from food to electronics (Shu-Ching, 2010, P. 1). Similarly, Carrefour also tried to adapt to local conditions, i. . cooperate with Lianhua Supermarket Company in Shanghai. The reasons why they cooperate with local partners is not just because of the legal considerations, but also to have a deep understanding of the difficult and complex Chinese market (Peter, 2006, P. 6). Nevertheless, they use different strategies according to different company development plan. Wal-Mart focuses more on the long term partnership nationally or even internationally. Considering the different regional culture and local policy, Carrefour changes partnerships by local markets (Peter, 2006, P. ). Furthermore, Carrefour adopts different strategy throughout all its global market, focusing on locally sourced products, as well as its local management teams, which are almost comprised of domestic employees to be more familiar with the local tastes. Also, on purchasing larger market shares, expansion strategy is common used by the two retail market giants. Since Carrefour opened its first store in china in 1995, it has already operated 73 hypermarkets in 29 cities which makes about $2 billion profit (Peter, 2006, P. ). Likely, 338 shops in 124 cities makes Wal-Mart $7 billion annually which is just a little bit lower than whole Carrefour shops’ profit (Anon, 2011, P. 2). Moreover, they both regard second- and third-tier cities as a good growth opportunity, and have already built shops in western cities which are not so developed. Even though, they perform different strategies in expanding their market. Firstly, Wal-Mart aims at making central distribution center, while local distributors are more considered by Carrefour. Secondly, hypermarkets often constitute larger shopping and entertainment complexes, therefore, a large amount of Carrefour stores are built at the city center for customers to go by foot or by bike. Comparing to this, edge-of-town is where Wal-Mart outlets often located, where customers can have large parking facilities or even shuttle bus provided (Moreau, 2008, P. 1). Last but not the least, Carrefour builds its stores based on the organic expansion primarily. By contrast, Wal-Mart combines organic growth with large-scale acquisitions, which leads to its Chinese revenues doubled. Lastly, to perform well in Chinese tradition market, Carrefour and Wal-Mart both have their changes in shops and marketing. On the one hand, for saving a million yuan in electricity and water costs, two retail chains’ common aim is to achieving â€Å"zero-carbon† stores by next year, which forces them to open a range of new energy saving stores in China, such as using waste gas to heat water and fluorescent lights, making use of natural lighting and integrating energy-saving technologies (Anon, 2009). On the other hand, to discover new growth areas in retail profit, selling medicine has been put on the agenda. The two giants have already been in close contract with the Ministry of Commerce on the medicine retail business and affirming that world’s largest retailer’s distribution network will be covered by medicine sales (Anon, 2005). Although there are a lot of similar strategies in market development, the two retail groups also have their different development focus. In the first place, Wal-Mart awards its employees based on profit-sharing stock, which will improve employees’ skills, trust and constant work, while Carrefour focus more on salaries. In addition, Carrefour adopted a multi-format strategy, i. e. open smaller outlets in the discount format to create another profit growth, while Wal-Mart develops its presence in the hypermarkets format exclusively (Moreau, 2008, P. 3). In details, proved to be a dynamic format competing against hypermarkets operators, department stores get a CAGR increase of 9%, 2002-2007. Therefore, department stores sales continue to be boosted by the expansion period decided by Carrefour (Moreau, 2008, P. 2).

Coin and Paper Money Will Soon Be Replaced

Coins & Paper money will soon be replaced by Credit Cards. It is a fact that we live in a corrupt society. We hear a lot of robberies everyday. People are afraid to bring home money from the bank. These robberies are not only taking place at homes, but also there are pick pockets who rob people while traveling. People are frightened to take money with them for shopping. They face a lot of problems whenever they need to buy some expensive things. It is a common fact that new inventions take place in every generation according to the comfort of people.So atlast to solve people's problems in carrying money with them, banks with the help of Government introduced Credit cards and other bank cards. These cards are very useful in a way as people don't have to carry coins & paper money with them. They can pay their bills with the help of these credit cards. These credit cards are used in such a way that when one uses the card, the bank pays the amount on his behalf. Then one has to pay this amount from his bank account on phone or he can use bank checks as well as cash money. This is all upto him.Also if people don't have money at the time, they can delay their payment for the time being. The bank will pay it on your behalf & you can give this money back in easy installments or you can pay it back atonce whenever you have it. So due to all these benefits Credit Cards are becoming more and more common these days. So we can say that a time will come when we will see no coins and paper money. They will be replaced by Credit Cards. Eventually we will have a cashless society which will be safer and more convenient for everyone.

Free Essays on A Good Role Model

It is easy to answer some hard questions such as what does DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) stand for. One who studies in microbiology gets that answer in one second. For some easy questions, where does your character and personality come from? it is hard to answer such easy questions. One needs more time to get the answer. Psychologists may be concerned about one’s childhood period and family environment. The character and personality is under the control of inherited genes but also is influenced by the environment. It is generally believed that the influence came from a family member during the childhood period and would spread to adulthood. To make a good character and personality for children, a family member needs to be a good role model. The essay â€Å"An American Childhood† by Annie Dillard is a good example of how a family member has influence on the children. This essay expresses her idea about her mother when the author looks back at her young age. Children will copy his or her character from the nearest person around them and develop this process until they mature. Family members would be the biggest influence to young children. A young girl imitates her mother and a young boy imitates his father, respectively. From the essay, Dillard said a lot about her mother’s character and emotion in many points. Her mother is a strong and independent woman. The author says, â€Å"She was an unstoppable force; she never let go†(210). She means that her mother has strong energy to get something done and she never stops until it is accomplished. Her mother’s character might differ from other ordinary women at the same time in the early 1960’s. Her mother develops the seed of character and p ersonality, which is the great impact and influence on her. For example, her mother questioned her about her assumption that Eisenhower would win the election. â€Å"How do you know?†(210) her mother questioned her. She said that everyone says that ... Free Essays on A Good Role Model Free Essays on A Good Role Model It is easy to answer some hard questions such as what does DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) stand for. One who studies in microbiology gets that answer in one second. For some easy questions, where does your character and personality come from? it is hard to answer such easy questions. One needs more time to get the answer. Psychologists may be concerned about one’s childhood period and family environment. The character and personality is under the control of inherited genes but also is influenced by the environment. It is generally believed that the influence came from a family member during the childhood period and would spread to adulthood. To make a good character and personality for children, a family member needs to be a good role model. The essay â€Å"An American Childhood† by Annie Dillard is a good example of how a family member has influence on the children. This essay expresses her idea about her mother when the author looks back at her young age. Children will copy his or her character from the nearest person around them and develop this process until they mature. Family members would be the biggest influence to young children. A young girl imitates her mother and a young boy imitates his father, respectively. From the essay, Dillard said a lot about her mother’s character and emotion in many points. Her mother is a strong and independent woman. The author says, â€Å"She was an unstoppable force; she never let go†(210). She means that her mother has strong energy to get something done and she never stops until it is accomplished. Her mother’s character might differ from other ordinary women at the same time in the early 1960’s. Her mother develops the seed of character and p ersonality, which is the great impact and influence on her. For example, her mother questioned her about her assumption that Eisenhower would win the election. â€Å"How do you know?†(210) her mother questioned her. She said that everyone says that ... Free Essays on A Good Role Model It is easy to answer some hard questions such as what does DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) stand for. One who studies in microbiology gets that answer in one second. For some easy questions, where does your character and personality come from? it is hard to answer such easy questions. One needs more time to get the answer. Psychologists may be concerned about one’s childhood period and family environment. The character and personality is under the control of inherited genes but also is influenced by the environment. It is generally believed that the influence came from a family member during the childhood period and would spread to adulthood. To make a good character and personality for children, a family member needs to be a good role model. The essay â€Å"An American Childhood† by Annie Dillard is a good example of how a family member has influence on the children. This essay expresses her idea about her mother when the author looks back at her young age. Children will copy his or her character from the nearest person around them and develop this process until they mature. Family members would be the biggest influence to young children. A young girl imitates her mother and a young boy imitates his father, respectively. From the essay, Dillard said a lot about her mother’s character and emotion in many points. Her mother is a strong and independent woman. The author says, â€Å"She was an unstoppable force; she never let go†(210). She means that her mother has strong energy to get something done and she never stops until it is accomplished. Her mother’s character might differ from other ordinary women at the same time in the early 1960’s. Her mother develops the seed of character and p ersonality, which is the great impact and influence on her. For example, her mother questioned her about her assumption that Eisenhower would win the election. â€Å"How do you know?†(210) her mother questioned her. She said that everyone says that ...

Is Neglecting Your Physical Well-Being Affecting Your Work Productivity

Is Neglecting Your Physical Well-Being Affecting Your Work Productivity This week I learned the importance of exercise in my work productivity. A top business strategist, Tony Jeary, was asked in the August 2017 edition of Success Magazine for some quick leadership tips. The person asking owned a company that had just expanded from a two-person startup to a ten-person operation. He claimed to have â€Å"no management experience.† I expected answers like learn everything you can about management, listen to your employees, create a clear mission and vision, and commit to your personal growth. I expected him to warn against errors like the ones I wrote about last week in The 9 Biggest Mistakes a Leader Can Make. Jeary gave four pieces of advice. And while three of his answers were along the lines I had anticipated, I was surprised that this one made the top four: â€Å"Take care of yourself. Eat well, sleep enough and exercise regularly.† The â€Å"exercise regularly† part stood out for me in particular. This is great advice for everyone, whether you’re expanding a company from two to ten, or you’re an entry-level employee, a CEO, the owner of a start-up, or somewhere in between. A Harvard Business Review article went so far as to claim that Regular Exercise is Part of Your Job because of its mental benefits (improved concentration, sharper memory, faster learning, prolonged mental stamina, enhanced creativity, and lower stress). And exercise is especially important as a job seeker. It will bring structure and energy to your day, which is key to a successful, productive job search. All it takes is a quick Google search to see at least one recruiter’s assertion that exercise is one of the most important parts of the job search. Excusing vs. Exercising Most of us know the advantages of regular exercise: It eases stress, increases work productivity, reduces sick days, boosts confidence, improves sleep, gives you energy, and releases positive, mood-enhancing chemicals into your brain that ward off anxiety and depression. Some of these benefits are outlined in an article from Livestrong.com, How Does Exercise Improve Work Productivity? Who wouldn’t want all those benefits? Yes, we know we could have them, and we want them! But knowing is not doing, and many of us regularly make up excuses rather than take care of our bodies. â€Å"I need to sleep!† â€Å"I have to work.† â€Å"I have to make lunch for the kids.† â€Å"I have a cold.† â€Å"My back hurts.† Or simply, â€Å"I don’t feel like it.† I grew up with a condition that makes me prone to breaking bones, and I was taught that daily exercise was essential to minimizing fractures. Believe it or not, I internalized that advice, and have exercised daily for as long as I can remember. For the past 20 years or so I have done yoga or gone swimming almost every day, with a few phases of walking or working out when injuries prevented me from my go-to activities. But here’s the catch: I wasn’t lifting weights almost ever, or doing much walking or jumping – the impact activities that truly increase bone density. My excuse? â€Å"I’m in shape.† â€Å"I already spend an hour exercising every day.† â€Å"I don’t have time to do everything!† Then, three weeks ago, on an impulse, I started an intensive fitness program that entails weight lifting, ball throwing, tire flipping, jumping in various ways, and other muscle-building, bone-building activities. I have managed to fit in these workouts five days/week, and somehow still to get everything done that I have needed to for my business. I’ve built muscle and lost some extra pounds without changing what I eat. Plus, I have been in a better mood and made more sales than I did in the weeks before I started this program. Coincidence? Probably not. What would inspire you to prioritize exercise, if you’re not doing so already? What motivated me to make this change was that I got a substantial gift certificate for a well-reputed program, and I love a good deal. I was also curious to find out more about my body composition and to see if I could bring it to a more ideal balance. I started the program and liked how I felt in my body so much that I kept going, way more often than I expected. I like the attention and encouragement I get from the trainers, and I look forward to seeing them each day. And my numbers have been going in the right direction, which for me is very motivating. What is it for you? Is there a type of movement you enjoy? Is it walking, running, biking, dancing, swimming, lifting weights? If you’re a social person, would having a workout buddy help? Maybe even a different buddy each day? What about working out as a family activity? Would you show up to a group exercise class (Zumba or Water Zumba anyone?) if you put it on your schedule? If not, what if you paid in advance and would lose your fee if you ditched the class? Maybe the option of multitasking would make the difference for you. If you have work calls to make, can you make them from the treadmill? Maybe you could answer emails while on a stationary bike or elliptical machine. If you love listening to music, exercise time could be your opportunity to get lost in your favorite tunes. Or if there are shows you like to watch, perhaps you could watch them from a home exercise room. Exercising can also be a form of meditation – swimming plays that role for me, and I know others who walk to clear their minds. So if you’re not making time to meditate, at least make time to exercise! Some people will get into gear for a competition. There are lots of opportunities for that, whether it’s a marathon, a charity walk, run or ride, or a friendly competition between friends (in person or using a fitness app). For more ideas, see 29 Ways to Get Motivated to Work Out. I like some of these! Or check out the 25 Best Fitness Apps of 2017 for some technological support on your fitness goals. And please share your experience†¦ Do you notice a difference in your work productivity when you exercise regularly? What’s working for you?

The Ins Outs of Corporate Ghostwriting

The Ins Outs of Corporate Ghostwriting While I’m known as a journalist, writer and editor, I’ve also done a lot of corporate ghostwriting behind the scenes. It’s a potentially lucrative market for writers who don’t mind skipping the Defining Corporate Ghostwriting â€Å"Corporate ghostwriting† can include website content (blog posts or static pages), press releases, articles for print, advertorials and even inter-office letters. You are hired to turn source material – gathered through interviews, researched or sent Finding Clients through Referrals The key is contacts. Most of my corporate jobs were referrals – from previous clients, referrals or people I’d previously interviewed who needed something written. Build a library of writing clips and get to know your editors; sometimes sources will also pass on a good lead – but you have to ask, or nobody will know you’re looking. Job Boards When not referrals, clients are often hiding on job boards, message boards, forums, and newsletters.  MediaBistro, All Indie Writers, ProBlogger, Freelance Writing, Writers’ Job Board, Craigslist, Indeed and Journalism Jobs are some up-to-date ones that I’ve met clients on. Other times, cold pitch a company Corporate Language Publications have style guidelines, and every company has their own style and tone. Research your company and interviewee (especially when you have to copy their voice as the Draft to Publication Always send a draft for approval to your client once you are done writing it. Be prepared to edit and discuss changes. Then, make sure they sign off happily on the final draft before anything goes off for publication – say, a press release to a media house. Corporate ghostwriting sometimes needs to happen quickly. Corporate Schedules Corporate clients are often extremely busy. Learn to keep interviews and appointments short. Always schedule ahead of time and never miss an appointment – but also be willing to reschedule if they have a last-minute schedule change. Your Own Image Yes, people care about your image even when you are ghostwriting – clients will check out your website and other works. If you write erotic elf-fiction, keep it separate from the â€Å"corporate† side of your site. Don’t slam clients – or anyone who might be their shareholders – on social media. (Yes, this means sometimes you have to Google it.) Reputation is everything. Confidentiality as a Ghost Ghostwriting occasionally involves sensitive information – things not yet available to the public, or information from the caverns of the corporate offices. Keep it confidential and remember that you’re the ghost in ghostwriting. Ask clients for referrals, but keep secrets secret and don’t tell everyone, â€Å"I wrote that!†

Field Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Field Project - Essay Example During the interview, he cites practices that differentiate Judaism from other religions as described by Jewish ideologies. After presenting the differences, he dwelled on the history of Jews as a community. There are few similarities between Jewish practices with Christianity from the explanations. The argument here is that beliefs of the Jews are slightly different because they emanate from the teachings of the Torah (Old Testament) and not the New Testament as the case with Christianity (Grabbe 2008). Additionally, the interviewee’s revelations highlighted the significance of religious practices amidst the Jews. I chose to interview the old man because I believed he had practiced Judaism for years. This is a clear indication that he was a committed Jew. Prior to the interview, he stated that he had been practicing the religious principles since he was a teenager. The expression on his face suggested that he was passionate about spreading the gospel of Judaism even to Non-Je ws. Furthermore, he exuded confidence in his beliefs making it difficult to convince him to embrace an alternative religion. During the interview, the old man narrated with vigor the history of the Jewish nation, though it was difficult to separate the facts and concerns presented. The argument here is that interviewee highlighted that modernity has influenced the traditions of Jews significantly because it was difficult for the present day Jews to uphold the principles with ease (Deutsch and Avi, 2011). The interviewee was excited that authorities in non-Jewish states were planning to enact laws to recognize the rights of Jews to practice their religion without interference from the state. During the interview, the old man gave me a book containing information on the practices of the Jews. The important idea is that the book outlined the beliefs that were fundamental in the course of strengthening the relationship of believers with God (Sand, 2010). There are no specific requiremen ts that one had to meet in order to join Jewish faith. However, just like any other religion of the world, Jews ought to uphold the doctrines of Judaism with dignity. Furthermore, Jews should stick to Judaism with the intention of receiving insights from God. As portrayed in Christianity, Judaism is equally monotheistic. The Jews believe God is mysterious. According to the old man, Israel is the first nation that God created, meaning that the land where Israelites reside is holy because God gave it to them. Jews should offer their sacrifices from the land. Consequently, Moses made an agreement with God when stepping on the land. According to Jews, God is omnipresent, and his presence is not only limited to the perception of believers. Consequently, Jews respect and obey authority as a sign of adhering to the principles of Jewish practices. The argument here is that, Jews have a different understanding of the manifestation of God in the lives of human beings (Grabbe, 2008). Sections of Jews believe that God blesses and punishes depending on the behavior of individuals. The rest believes in the autonomy of man to have control over the universe and his judgments. Prayer is integral in seeking connection with the almighty God. The interviewee indicated that Jews are obligated to pray as a way of maintaining connections with the creator. Prayer is not limited to the expression of personal needs, but it is a commitment that allows one to keep in- touch with God. Jews also believe

Quantitative Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quantitative Market - Research Paper Example From an earlier interview with a small sample of customers, the same reasons were identified as possible causes for the decline in turnover (Kothari, 2008). Design Question, Aim and Objectives Due to the declining returns for Films 4 You the current study aims at finding the exact cause of the problem to provide the management with a platform from which they can address the problem. In the last 24 months, the company has witnessed a drastic decline in its return. This has resulted into a considerable concern among the stakeholders. The research design seeks to address the question of how to identify the actual cause of the decline from the two possible causes already identified. The objectives of the design are: a) To ascertain whether Films 4 you products do not match customer expectations b) to determine whether the decline in Films 4 You`s turnover arises from the fact that the competitors are attracting film 4 You customers. ... It will indicate the cause of the declining returns arising from the survey of the sample population. The design is likely to point to the failure in strategic management. a) Methodology Research Methods and Techniques Method is described as a systematic and sequentially organized approach, which is focused on data analysis in order to ensure that necessary information is generated from the data collected. The four main types of methods available to researchers include: Explicatory, Case-study, Survey, and Experimental Methods1. An experimental method is the main empirical method that would be considered in the course of this study. Research techniques are different though. They are â€Å"step-by-step procedures which you can follow in order to gather data, and analyze them for the information they contain†1. Such data may be gathered through qualitative or quantitative methods or from primary and secondary data depending on the research approach. This study will use quantitat ive research technique. Quantitative research methods were initially developed for use in natural sciences although they are now adopted and accepted for social sciences as well. They are research methods associated with number and any measurable thing, presenting the researcher with various numbers, which are presented in graphical forms, tabulations and statistics. Regression analysis will be used to analyze the relationship between the declines in Film 4 You returns against the two other variables that are: the quality of the products of the company measured in terms of meeting the customers` expectations and online rental DVD competitors winning away Film 4 You customers. Regression analysis is a statistical tool that can be employed to investigate the

Visual art exhibition in Hong Kong Research Proposal

Visual art exhibition in Hong Kong - Research Proposal Example The essay "Visual art exhibition in Hong Kong" discovers the Hong Kong's visual art exhibition. The Hong Kong government has recognized the significance of mega events in developing the tourism sector. It has established the Mega Events Fund (MEF) to host major arts, sports, and cultural events in the country. A three-dimensional painting visual art exhibition, as a mega event, can obtain better return on investment if it is launched in compliance with cultural and economic policies of the country. The expo should take advantages of advanced internet based technologies to provide a great watching experience to the audience. Above all, the event management team must ensure the strong cooperation of the Hong Kong government and global as well as national media to promote the event effectively. The planned expo, a three-dimensional painting visual art exhibition in Hong Kong, falls under the category of a mega event. The term mega event is used to describe high profile worldwide events like Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and expos. Although the term mega event has not been well defined, a big event is clearly distinct from a mega event. The number of participants is not only the criterion used to recognize a mega event. According to a study conducted by Harry H. Hiller, â€Å"a mega event is first of all of fixed duration and on a short term basis. The event has a high profile, there is a worldwide interest linked to the event and there is a sustainable and measurable economic outcome†.

Detailed reasearch methodolgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Detailed reasearch methodolgy - Essay Example The case between the Society of Composers, Authors, and Music Publishers of Canada and Bell Canada brought to the limelight the issue of free access to online copyrighted information. With it emerged demands from authors to enjoy royalty whenever their songs were accessed. The case also helps to bring out the limit to which individuals can access copyrighted information and how the original authors stand to benefit. The Canadian Copyright Laws are a perfect example on the protection against free viewing of copyrighted information over the internet (Michael, 2005; 45). The research will be conducted on a step by step basis. This will enable collection of all relevant data and compilation of the same from the beginning to the end. The first step of the research will be to identify the sources of information, methods to be used in data collection and how to use the identified methods. From there, the identified methodologies are used as required and visits paid to the relevant sources of information. The research is designed to ensure that no single information pertaining to the research objectives and questions is left out. The paper focuses on methods that can be used to gather information that will answer the listed research questions. The selected methods are essential as the issue of viewing copyrighted information has become widespread. The research methods used include: The research also utilizes various sources of information that have the relevant details required to achieve the stipulated research objectives. These include legal books, representatives of the law enforcement agencies and the body charged with copyrighting information in Canada. The research will also put into consideration the legal practices and beliefs that are directly linked to copyrighting information and determination of who has the right to access that information. All the facts presented in the Canada vs. Bell Canada are also considered important in

All Souls' Rising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

All Souls' Rising - Essay Example The decision of the French administration on the island was ratified by the French revolutionaries in 1794 and this decision quickly challenged the previously accepted norms of the master slave relationship. The entire Americas domain was shaken up as the emancipation on Saint-Domingue became public knowledge. One of the largest disturbances from the Saint-Domingue experiences was for the American South where the economy was predominantly based on slave manpower. However the revolution of slaves in Saint-Domingue holds more than meets the eye. The composition of whites, mulattos and blacks meant that society was already in a precarious balance that the revolution upset. As a reaction to the changes introduced by the revolution the various strata of society began taking steps to increase their influence. The pivotal role for the balance of power play lay with the mulattos in society who were obliged to corroborate with the blacks and the whites alike. The British and Spanish conquest only added to the panic and confusion in society. The invasion was dealt with by an uprising lead by an ex slave Toussaint who was supposedly prepared by the whites in order to decimate the blacks in the shorter run and the mulattos in the longer run. The overall objective of the whites was to restore the previous order. The novel penned by Madison Smart Bells All Souls’ Rising also portrays this precarious situation and the immense power plays that occurred. In order to understand the issue better it would be relevant to wade through the novel within historical context. The novel depicts the grand blancs (who are members of the white elite) as conceiving a slave rebellion in order to augment their political needs and desires. As the story progresses it becomes clear that the highly esteemed Bayon de Libertat who is the owner of the slave rebellion leader Toussaint is also part of the conspirators. The slave rebellion leader is shown as being handpicked by the white power eli te in order to serve their nefarious purposes. Here consideration must be provided to the political problems of the grand blancs as the French Revolution was at its zenith by 1791 however the King was still in place on the throne. On the other hand the petit blancs, the day laborers, white craftsmen and poor ne’er do wells had already taken up arms and adopted the red cockade of the revolution. These groups had by this point in time taken to rebellion in Saint Domingue and had managed to capture Port au Prince which was a direct threat to the power of the grand blancs. Given also that this was the most profitable island in the Atlantic, its loss was not acceptable for the grand blancs. The problem became all the more complicated as the Estates de General declared by decree in May 1791 that all free property owning mulattos in Saint Domingue would be given full citizenship. Consequently the red cockaded petit blancs became overwhelmingly outraged by this decision. In a similar manner the white cockaded grand blancs were also outraged at such a decision by the government. However the white cockaded grand blancs contend that they cannot win the war against the petit blancs and the free mulatto calls for full citizenship at the same time. In order to deal with these threats the stratagem of the slave rebellion was created. The plan of action suggests that when the slave rebellion occurs the petit blancs would be neutralized and will try to unite with the whites in order to quell the black slave

Healthcare Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Ethics - Case Study Example As part of his training, Alex is rotating through the emergency room and has been asked to take x-rays of the head and neck of an alert yet seriously injured patient Mr. Hanson. The x-ray supervisor/instructor, Ms. Dubois, is present when Alex attempts the x-rays that require the patient to be manipulated into particular and potentially painful positions. Nothing is said to the patient other than "we are going to take some x-rays sir!" After three unsuccessful attempts, the patient complains about the pain and the x-ray supervisor takes over and completes the procedures with success. Now, the importance of discussing this topic is in order for us to know the possible risks in medical trainings. If you were a student of some sort of a medical/health care and you don't know what to do next to proceed on to the next step and you forgot to seek assistance on your superior, it is essential to learn the ethics in healthcare. Sometimes, we neglect the importance of knowing the moral standards in every medical aspect. We just rely on our own capabilities and confidently do what it needs to be done and we forgot to consider some other things on handling that kind of situation. Now, let us deal with these following questions: (1) identify the people/parties that have a stake or interest in the scenario mentioned above, and explain how the interests may conflict. (2) Identify the ethical principles that may be applied in resolving the dilemma in the scenario. Discuss the prima facie duties and principles. The people/parties that are related in this scenario are the medical students who currently undergo trainings with the help of their instructors. But there are situations where in the instructor failed to inform the patient that he/she is with a student. It is good to expose the students on such trainings but they also need to consider some other things, such as educating the trainees well when it comes to proper healthcare ethics. Conflicts may rise if this cannot be fulfilled. But, it is also the responsibility of the trainer to remind the student to comply on all the instructions and it is important to orient the student first on how to have the right approach on every patient even though the student was on training. It is the right of the student to be well-informed, in order for him to know everything well. The ethical principle that can be applied on this scenario/situation is to have beneficence and that is to act in the best interest of the patient and to be more sensitive in the needs of every patient. And that is the end of this paper about the healthcare ethics that should be practiced on actual hospital/clinic duties or even on trainings. References: 1.)

All Souls' Rising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

All Souls' Rising - Essay Example The decision of the French administration on the island was ratified by the French revolutionaries in 1794 and this decision quickly challenged the previously accepted norms of the master slave relationship. The entire Americas domain was shaken up as the emancipation on Saint-Domingue became public knowledge. One of the largest disturbances from the Saint-Domingue experiences was for the American South where the economy was predominantly based on slave manpower. However the revolution of slaves in Saint-Domingue holds more than meets the eye. The composition of whites, mulattos and blacks meant that society was already in a precarious balance that the revolution upset. As a reaction to the changes introduced by the revolution the various strata of society began taking steps to increase their influence. The pivotal role for the balance of power play lay with the mulattos in society who were obliged to corroborate with the blacks and the whites alike. The British and Spanish conquest only added to the panic and confusion in society. The invasion was dealt with by an uprising lead by an ex slave Toussaint who was supposedly prepared by the whites in order to decimate the blacks in the shorter run and the mulattos in the longer run. The overall objective of the whites was to restore the previous order. The novel penned by Madison Smart Bells All Souls’ Rising also portrays this precarious situation and the immense power plays that occurred. In order to understand the issue better it would be relevant to wade through the novel within historical context. The novel depicts the grand blancs (who are members of the white elite) as conceiving a slave rebellion in order to augment their political needs and desires. As the story progresses it becomes clear that the highly esteemed Bayon de Libertat who is the owner of the slave rebellion leader Toussaint is also part of the conspirators. The slave rebellion leader is shown as being handpicked by the white power eli te in order to serve their nefarious purposes. Here consideration must be provided to the political problems of the grand blancs as the French Revolution was at its zenith by 1791 however the King was still in place on the throne. On the other hand the petit blancs, the day laborers, white craftsmen and poor ne’er do wells had already taken up arms and adopted the red cockade of the revolution. These groups had by this point in time taken to rebellion in Saint Domingue and had managed to capture Port au Prince which was a direct threat to the power of the grand blancs. Given also that this was the most profitable island in the Atlantic, its loss was not acceptable for the grand blancs. The problem became all the more complicated as the Estates de General declared by decree in May 1791 that all free property owning mulattos in Saint Domingue would be given full citizenship. Consequently the red cockaded petit blancs became overwhelmingly outraged by this decision. In a similar manner the white cockaded grand blancs were also outraged at such a decision by the government. However the white cockaded grand blancs contend that they cannot win the war against the petit blancs and the free mulatto calls for full citizenship at the same time. In order to deal with these threats the stratagem of the slave rebellion was created. The plan of action suggests that when the slave rebellion occurs the petit blancs would be neutralized and will try to unite with the whites in order to quell the black slave

Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart Essay Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart relates the story of one mans obsession at the seemingly trifle and otherwise common place prospect of the gaze of anothers eyes. So consumed is this person of his obsession with the eyes belonging to his tenent or landlord that one night he decides to gouge it off, kill its owner, and bury the eyeball in question under the floorboard. Needless to say, Edgar Allan Poe succeeds in exacting yet another dose of terror, dread and trepidation from his readers. The stated sentiments exist partly because of the plot, but largely because of Poes use of visual imagery, characterized by words which harp on the senses as people perceive it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These perceptions, the heightened sensations that the narrator, who is in fact, also the murderer in the story, feels    in the extent of the short story is given structure by the way which he proceeds to talk of his victim. He writes first of being alluded to the eye, not being particularly attached to it initially, but describing it with an endearment out of place, and with a distinction which one would not normally employ when referring to something as ordinary as one of the five senses, except perhaps if people were talking about their lovers (which the narrator is not). His interest shifts and evolves as the story progresses. Talk of the eye in question becomes irrational to the point of alarming, and readers know at this point that something ominous is about to ensue. The narrator begins to talk distinctly of the eye as it were a separate entity, separate from that of its owner, the landlord, who he admits of being nothing but kind, and not having mistreated him in any way. His loving and long winded descriptions regarding, and romancing the eye in question, and the person to whom it belongs to culminates in a course of action which brings him to the landlords bedroom in the middle of the night. While in the victims sleep, he decides to take the eye for himself, and he describes it with such loving and final triumph as though it were a destiny and an important task that had long been awaiting fruition, and the time has come for it to bear fruit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More than what has already been narrated and told in the plot, the story tells of one mans obsessive longing, his ascension to insanity (or a closely related version of it) because of the pursuit of that longing, and the consummation of the same longing and madness by means of taking matters into his own hands, and literally plucking out from the face of the earth what had been bothering him for so long. Although not the most pleasant of activities, and certainly not the one people would resort to as a matter of routine or principle. But for the narrator, for the person who needed to put an end to this longing, this itch, this gap which need to be filled, it meant the world and more. It meant a sense of triumph. It indulged his senses and satisfied his itch for an irrational but complex need to fill up a gap in his inner being and sanctum. Despite the questionable ethical as well as moral tendency with which he proceeded in committing the crime, to him it was a necessary road to ease and fulfillment. A Poem As It Regards to the Tell Tale Heart True, people are kind and truer still, people are beautiful but beauty exists in fewer instances these days. In smaller and smaller and smaller packages. So come dearest, let us you and me die

Leadership Management and Motivation in Organisation

Leadership Management and Motivation in Organisation As the century unfolds, new realities are becoming clearer. New models of Leadership and Management are blossoming, some with unfounded success. For instance, focusing on working better as teams and empowering those closest to the customers to make important decisions have led to great accomplishments (Kurtzman, 2010). Management is often referred to words like efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and consistency whereas Leadership is often associated with words like vision, creativity and risk-taking (Yukl, 2005). It has also been said that management is basically a control-laden activity; whereas leadership is basically a value-choosing, and thus a value-laden activity (Bass et al., 1990). Overall Management is defined as The organizational process that includes strategic planning, setting objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results (Burgoyne, 1989). Leadership is defined as A process in which leader and followers interact in a way that enables the leader to influence the actions of the followers in a non-coercive way, towards the achievement of certain aims or objectives (Rollinson and Broadfield, 2002) In Kotters (1996) view Management relates to planning, controlling and organising whereas leadership relates to visioning, networking, creating, coping with change and building relationship. Leadership is often considered grander, more lucrative and admirable, in a word: better, than the less visible, fundamentally based, management (Hughes et al., 2009). The relationship between management and leadership is summarised in Appendix 1. From this we can argue are managers leaders or vice versa. As Zaleznik (1977) claims that in a bureaucratic society which breeds managers may restrain young leaders who need mentor and emotional interchange to develop. But Raelin (2004) argued that managers are not excluded from leadership. He says there is a potential for leadership to emerge from any individual under the right sets of circumstances. I would argue from my personal experience that managers can be leaders and vice versa depending on individual capabilities, skills and adapting change, as in Lloyds banking Group (LBG) we have managers as our team leaders and are quite successful in switching their roles and understanding the responsibilities of both managers and leaders. The concept was that as managers have some formal authority to influence subordinates behaviour they can easily occupy the role of leadership. However, just because the authority was there, it did not mean that subordinates will willingly assent to its use. There had been issues initially when they find it hard to switch over and look from leaders point of view, which caused problems in bonding with employees and lack of motivation. This resulted in getting all the managers trained on leadership programmes and understanding the needs or requirements of employees from their leaders. This was again based on how individual managers reacted to situations where they were able to keep their managerial ego aside and think as a team. Some of the managers were very good at switching over and thinking from a team perspective whereas some struggled. Overall we can argue that Zaleznik argument regarding management and leadership requires different types of people can be true, if an individual cannot cope with the changing organisation requirements. But in LBG we have seen that managers successfully play leaders role and vice versa to save cost or to adapt change and thus falsify Zalezniks argument. But as Rollinson and Broadfield (2002) often focus on managers can be leaders, this is not an inevitable state of affairs. Even though it is widely assumed that leadership can be taught to anybody, it is probably far more realistic to regard management and leadership as two complementary activities (Kotter, 1988), each one having its own unique functions. Motivation Quality work being top priority in organisations all over world as the use of contingent workers is on the rise. Managing knowledge workers continues to perplex experienced managers across divergent industries. And globalization and the challenges of managing across borders are now the norm instead of the exception. These changes can have a profound influence on how companies attempt to attract, retain, and motivate their employees (Steers et al., 2004) Motivation, in contrast, results when the person believes that engaging in the behaviour will result in some desired experience or outcome. Motivation is then differentiated into intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation (Herzberg et al., 1957) Intrinsic Motivation is where people may be motivated by the relationship between the worker and the task. It takes place when people feel that the work they do is interesting, challenging and have opportunities for advancement and growth. Extrinsic Motivation takes place when people may be motivated by factors in the external environment such as pay, supervision, benefits, and job perks The process of motivation is broadly based on a number of motivational theories. In this paper we will asses few motivational theories (Appendix 2) and asses these theories to identify what motivates people. Instrumental Theory: Initially in the second half of 19th century a concept of Instrumental Theory stated that people work only for money. Motivation using this approach is exclusively based on system of external control and fails to recognise a number of other human needs (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005). Maslow Needs Theory: The basic of this theory is the belief that an unsatisfied need creates tension and disequilibrium. Maslow (1954) formulated the concept of hierarchy of needs and believed that reasons people go to work changes. It starts from the fundamental physiological needs and leads through safety, social and esteems needs to the need for self-fulfilment. He believed that only an unsatisfied need can motivate behaviour and the dominant need is the prime motivator of behaviour. Herzbergs Two-Factor Model (Motivation-Hygiene): Herzbergs (1957) theory sates that the factors giving rise to job satisfaction are distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. His research led him to conclude that hygiene factors such as pay, status, security, company policies and administration were rarely high motivators. People tend to take fringe benefits and good working conditions for granted, but when they are removed they had a highly demotivating effect. A salary increase had a short-term motivating effect when it was felt to be deserved, while what was felt to be an unfair salary was a long-lasting demotivator. Overall all these theories adopt a psychologically universal view, which assumes that everyone has a common set of needs and conveys the impression that people are predictable in terms of what motivates them. Moreover all these theories mostly ignore the crucial issue of individual differences and also to the potentially powerful effects of different national and organisational cultures as factors that can shape human needs (Bagher, 2010). In a work environment, it is sometimes viewed as the difference between what people can do and what they will do. In the practical workplace LBG uses various motivation models one of the highly used motivational models is Support and Challenge Principles Model. Support and Challenge Principles Model (Sheppard Moscow, 1980): This model suggests that to achieve working relationship requires a balance of appropriate and agreed supportive and challenging behaviours. The two axes of support and challenge when put together create four potential workplace environments as shown in fig below: High Support Comfortable high S performance performance U environment environment P P O R T apathetic stressful performance performance environment environment CHALLENGE High Challenge To get the most from your working relationships, it is important to agree how best to work together to maximise performance and minimise tension. One way of thinking about this is to think of in the terms of developing a way of working that is both challenging and supportive. The list of behaviours in each of the categories is detailed in Appendix 3. Different roles and situations will use different mixes of these two categories and depending upon the situation, the same individual can find any of these conditions or characteristics supporting or challenging. If the workplace situation remains very comfortable or alphabetic for a long time, then additional challenges will stimulate the move towards high performance. On the other hand if the workplace situation remains very stressful for too long, then support to help manage the implications is highly effective. Though, there will be times when short periods of high challenges or high support are appropriate e.g. at the end of a particular busy period, comfort is a reward and high challenges can be very stimulating and energising in short bursts (LBG, 2011). Managements main interest in motivation is in the prospects it offers for bringing employee behaviour under tight control. Thus what interest managers most is not the process of motivation but employee behaviour. However we can hardly blame managers for believing that motivation theory offers this opportunity, because content and process theories both imply that if we know o persons needs, the person can be motivated (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005). Thus from the above we have seen different aspects of motivation and it might appear that there is an element of contradiction in what they say. Content theories deal with the needs that give rise to motivated behaviour, but perhaps oversimplify matters because they tend to portray human beings as having a homogenous set of needs. Nevertheless, as long as due allowance is made for individual differences, this does not detract from their potential usefulness. Process theories have a different emphasis: they seek to explain the dynamics of the motivation process and so much greater account is taken of individual differences (Bagher, 2010). Leadership Historically, leadership has been conceived around a single individual in a specialised role, the relationship of that individual to subordinates or followers, and the individuals actions. There are several major paradigms of leadership (Appendix 4), such as the traits (great man), skills and styles approaches, situational and contingency approaches, charismatic and transformational approaches (Northouse, 2007, p2; Bass, 1990). Action-Centred Leadership The action-centred theory of leadership is based on extensive research by John Adairs (1984), which focuses on the group and the needs that leader must meet. Adair argues that there are eight functions you must carry out, to meet these needs. These functions can be learned, practised, observed and refined. Source: (Bagher, 2010: 186) Task need: A team leader needs to bring together the group to achieve a task by providing clear instructions and reasons so each member must know and understand what is expected of them. Team need: Good leaders create groups which function best when they share the sense of purpose along with collaborating work efficiently, effectively, with a sense of pride and responsibility by maintaining or setting new standards. Individual need: People or individuals are heart of any team but they have physical and psychological needs like better working conditions, status, opportunities to develop, build confidence and motivation. From this it follows that being effective as a leader is not just a matter of choosing a specific style of behaviour, but arriving at an appropriate balance between the three functions. Encouraging communication between team members is key to creating a team that will continue to work well when the leader is absent. This resilience is valuable and might be referred to as team sustainability. Leadership Power The link between leadership and power is a strong one and many of the theories of leadership can equally be framed as theories of power. Effective leading depends on relying on different power bases at different times as per need. At its simplest, the way you wield power to get compliance can be appropriate or inappropriate. Appropriate use of power can be described as influence, while inappropriate use can be described as bullying. Source: French and Raven (1960) References Armstrong, M. and Stephens, T. (2005) Employee Reward Management and Practice, London: Kogan Page Limited. Bagher, M. (2010) Organisational Behaviour: a contemporary approach, 2nd Edition, Harlow: Pearson. Bass, B., Bass, B. and Stogdill, R. (1990) Bass Stogdills Handbook of Leadership, New York: Simon Schuster. Burgoyne, J. (1989) Management Development: Context and Strategies, Aldershot: Gower. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. (1957) The Motivation to Work, New York: Wiley Hughes, R., Ginnett, R. and Curphy, G. (2009) Leadership, 6th ed., Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kotter, J. (1988) The Leadership Factor, New York: Free Press. Kotter, J. P. (1996) Leading Change, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Kurtzman, J. (2010) Common Purpose: How Great Leaders Get Organizations to Achieve the Extraordinary, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Maslow, A. (1954) Motivation and Personality, New York: Harper Row. Raelin, J. A. (2004) Dont bother putting leadership into people, Academy of Management Executive, 18(3): 12-28. Rollinson, D. and Broadfield, A. (2002) Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach, Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Steers, R., Mowday, R. and Shapiro, D. (2004) The Future of Work Motivation Theory, Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 379-387. Yukl, G. (2005) Leadership in Organizations, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Zaleznik, A. (1977) Managers and Leaders: are they different?, Harvard Business Review, (May/June) 55(3): 67-77. French, J. P. R., and Raven, B. (1960) The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright and A. Zander (eds.), Group dynamics (pp. 607-623), New York: Harper and Row. Appendix 1 A Comparison of Management and Leadership Competencies. Source: Northouse, 2007, p. 10. Appendix 2 Summary of Motivation Theories and their practical implications Theory Theorist Summary of theory Practical implications Instrumentality Taylor People will be motivated to work if rewards and penalties are tied directly to their performance. Conceptual basis of incentives and pay for performance schemes. Needs Maslow Unsatisfied needs create tension and disequilibrium. To restore the balance a goal is identified which will satisfy the need, and a behaviour pathway is selected which will lead to the achievement of the goal. Only unsatisfied needs motivate. Identifies a number of key needs for consideration in developing total reward policies. Two-Factor Herzberg The factors giving rise to job satisfaction (and motivation) are distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. Any feeling of satisfaction resulting from pay increase is likely to be short-lived compared with the long-lasting satisfaction from the work itself. Makes a distinction between intrinsic motivation arising from the work itself and extrinsic motivation provided by employer, e.g. pay. A useful distinction is made between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which influences total reward decisions. The limited motivational effects of pay increases are worth remembering when considering the part contingent pay can play in motivating people. Expectancy Vroom Motivation is likely only when a clear perceived and usable relationship exists between performance and outcome and the outcome is seen as a means of satisfying needs. Provides the foundation for good practice in the design and management of contingent pay. The basis for the concept of the line of sight which emphasises the importance of establishing a clear link between the reward and what has to be done to achieve it. Goal Latham and Locke Motivation and performance are higher when individuals are set specific goals, when the goals are difficult but accepted and when there is feedback on performance. Provides a theoretical underpinning for performance management processes to ensure that they contribute to motivation through goal setting and feedback. Equity Adams People will be better motivated if they are treated equitably and de-motivated if they are treated inequitably. Emphasis the need to develop an equitable reward system involving the use of job evaluation. Source: (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005) Definitions of key Job Dimensions Job Dimensions Definition Work Satisfaction: The extent to which an employee is satisfied with work, including opportunities for creativity and task variety, allowing an individual to increase his or her knowledge, changes in responsibility, amount of work, security, and job enrichment (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990; Smith et al, 1969) Pay Satisfaction: The extent to which an employee forms an attitude toward pay based on perceived difference between actual pay and the expected pay. Expected pay is based on the value of perceived inputs and outputs of the job and the pay of other employees holding similar jobs or possessing similar qualifications (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990) Supervision Satisfaction: The extent to which an employee is satisfied with his or supervision, as measured by consideration and employee-centred actions of the supervisor and the perceived competency of the supervisor by the subordinate (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990, Herzberg et al, 1957) Satisfaction with promotions: The degree to which an employee is satisfied with the Companys promotion policy, including frequency of promotions, and the desirability of promotions (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990, Herzberg et al 1957) Co-workers Satisfaction: The work-related interaction and the mutual liking or admiration of fellow employees (Bazler and Smith et al, 1990, Smith et al, 1969, Alderfer, 1969) Overall Job Satisfaction: The extent to which an individuals desires, expectations and needs are fulfilled by employment (Szilagi, Sims, and Terrill, 1977) Appendix 3 WHEN SUPPORTING EXPLORE Ideas Build on STRENGTHS Offer HELP and guidance Ask OPEN questions LISTEN actively Give PRAISE DISCLOSE similar experiences TRUST intentions WHEN CHALLENGING Ask PROBING questions Point out AVOIDANCE behaviour Offer ALTERNATIVE opinions Tell people what you EXPECT Share FEELINGS State COSEQUENCES Set STRETCHING targets ASSERT your views Having Things Like Resources Time Funding Direction Guidance Assistance Ideas Tools or Methods Willing collaborators A climate of openness and honesty Emotional support Having Things Like Confronting feedback from others New opportunities Unfamiliar grounds Doing things in a different way Working with fresh people Learning new behaviours New tools or processes Demanding stakeholders High work volumes Tight timescales Personal ambition

Physics is Everywhere Essay -- Essays Papers

Physics is Everywhere Physics is like math; it is always being used everywhere, whether we are conscious of it or not. With the use and knowledge of physics, one can take into account that knowledge to help them perform a deed more successfully and efficient. Although skydiving and weight lifting aren’t the only activities that involve physics, I feel that they are some of the most interesting and benefit seeking activities. Without the knowledge of physics, skydiving wouldn’t be as safe as it is today and weight lifters wouldn’t be able to lift five times their weight. The history of the physics of skydiving and weight lifting has been affected by implications socially and economically. Over the years, these activities have been altered due to increasing knowledge of physics, and this knowledge will continue to expand as time elapses. In 1797 the Frenchman Andre Jacques Garnerin performed the first parachute plunge from an aircraft using a basket below an open parachute, which was made of silk and solidified with supporting poles (The History of Sport Parachuting). When the first parachute was dropped, physicists didn’t have a wealth of knowledge about the physics that supported skydiving. Ever since the first drop, skydiving has been an evolving sport, as this is due to the developing knowledge of physics. Skydiving is perceived as a very risky sport in the eyes of the public; therefore, in order for the sport to continue, physicists needed to discover ways to reduce the risks involved. They were successful in doing this by developing better equipment and techniques. The economical impact of skydiving has been huge. The research involved in the design of the chute, the materials used, and the engineering invo... ...s. â€Å"Physics in Action† 4 June. 1997. 15 Nov. 2005. http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/projects/frig/piabycbu/pia1.html - George, Jeff. â€Å"Physics and Skydiving†. NASA. 15 Nov. 2005. http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_fm.html - Hewitt, Paul. â€Å"Conceptual Physics.† St. Petersburg Fl. 2006. Tenth Edition. - â€Å"Physics of Skydiving†. 15 Nov. 2005. http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/211.fall2000.web.projects/Vlad%20Paverman/skydiving.htm - Sabra, Phil. â€Å"What is the physics involved in skydiving?† 2005. PhysLink. 15 Nov. 2005. http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae536.cfm - Sharrow, Dustin. â€Å"A Short History of Bodybuilding†. BMEZINE. 2 Dec. 2003. 15 Nov. 2005. http://www.bmezine.com/news/dustin/20031202.html - â€Å"The History of Sport Parachuting† BPA. 15 Nov. 2005. http://www.bpa.org.uk/history.htm

Essay example --

The Civil Rights is a very important time in American history. It all began when the African Americans became free from slavery. African Americans began to protest unjust laws and to promote equal rights. African Americans struggled for racial equality in the 1950’s to 1960’s. After the Civil War many southern states continued to treat African Americans as second class citizens. The Jim Crow Laws was formed to keep Black people separated from white people. The United States Supreme Court struck down segregation in the public schools in 1954. Segregation was every where, African Americans had to drink out of separate water fountains, use separate bathrooms, sit in the back of the bus, and many other things. This put the African American population economically and politically powerless. The movement therefore addressed primarily three areas of discrimination: education, voting rights, and social segregation. The Jim Crow Laws passed in the south that kept black people separate from white people. This law caused social segregation in schools, restaurants, restrooms, and transportation. Also African Americans were not allowed to go to beaches, swimming pools, parks, and many hospitals. This created a racial an exclusive social class system in America. By 1914 the laws created two sides one black and one white. The African Americans could not ride together in the same rail car, and sit and the same theatre. There were laws enforced to prevent African Americans from voting. During the 1900’s African Americans started to protest the Jim Crow Laws that forced segregation. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People also known as the NAACP was formed, several African Americans leaders like... ...changes in the way African Americans were treated in America. It wasn't just that he became the leader of the civil rights movement that made him so unique it was the way he led the movement. Martin Luther King Jr. advocated civil disobedience, the Civil Rights activists organized demonstration, marches, boycotts, strikes, and voter registration drives. The results of the civil rights movement made possible for more freedom in the united states during slavery and segregation. Many people have made great sacrifices for the fight of civil rights. The civil rights movement has also meant that African Americans and other ethnic minorities have equal rights and can now have equal opportunities as white people this is highlighted by obama being the president of america when 50 years ago he would have not have go to the same school as the white people. Essay example -- The Civil Rights is a very important time in American history. It all began when the African Americans became free from slavery. African Americans began to protest unjust laws and to promote equal rights. African Americans struggled for racial equality in the 1950’s to 1960’s. After the Civil War many southern states continued to treat African Americans as second class citizens. The Jim Crow Laws was formed to keep Black people separated from white people. The United States Supreme Court struck down segregation in the public schools in 1954. Segregation was every where, African Americans had to drink out of separate water fountains, use separate bathrooms, sit in the back of the bus, and many other things. This put the African American population economically and politically powerless. The movement therefore addressed primarily three areas of discrimination: education, voting rights, and social segregation. The Jim Crow Laws passed in the south that kept black people separate from white people. This law caused social segregation in schools, restaurants, restrooms, and transportation. Also African Americans were not allowed to go to beaches, swimming pools, parks, and many hospitals. This created a racial an exclusive social class system in America. By 1914 the laws created two sides one black and one white. The African Americans could not ride together in the same rail car, and sit and the same theatre. There were laws enforced to prevent African Americans from voting. During the 1900’s African Americans started to protest the Jim Crow Laws that forced segregation. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People also known as the NAACP was formed, several African Americans leaders like... ...changes in the way African Americans were treated in America. It wasn't just that he became the leader of the civil rights movement that made him so unique it was the way he led the movement. Martin Luther King Jr. advocated civil disobedience, the Civil Rights activists organized demonstration, marches, boycotts, strikes, and voter registration drives. The results of the civil rights movement made possible for more freedom in the united states during slavery and segregation. Many people have made great sacrifices for the fight of civil rights. The civil rights movement has also meant that African Americans and other ethnic minorities have equal rights and can now have equal opportunities as white people this is highlighted by obama being the president of america when 50 years ago he would have not have go to the same school as the white people.

Brain death determination

Brain Death Determination When the brain has a lack of oxygen, even for a few minutes, it could lead to loss of brain functions such as a gradual loss level of consciousness or a complete loss of consciousness causing the person to slip into a coma. In the most profound cases, irreversible brain damage and death occurs. Oxygen deficiency can by caused by many things, such as; a brain injury, fall from height, traffic accidents, heart failure, stroke or some neurological disease. That may cause irreversible loss of the brain cells performance.The medical term for insufficient oxygenation to the brain is referral Anglia. Historically, before recent technology the scientists defined death only when the heartbeat and breathing stopped. Afterward, the idea of brain death was announced in 1959 by French neurologists' Moldable and Gluon. They determined this state as â€Å"beyond coma† (D*mice et al. , 2004). Then after around ten years, within the medical community the development o f many types of equipment became available which aided in increasing the longevity of individuals with serious injuries to the brain.Some examples of these devices are ventilators to maintain respiration and heart monitors. These innovations in medicine made the concept of brain death clearer by closely showing the relationship between the respirations or heartbeat and brain. These innovations in the medical field guided the Harvard Medical School Committee to clarify that idea in 1968 (Sass, 2014). After that, it was medically defined as permanent loss of all brain functions, including cerebrum and brain stem due to total death of brain neurons that is caused by decrease of blood flow and oxygenation into the brain (ibid).This essay will discuss the main brain regions that have immediate cause of brain death and their functions, including the required tests of these regions, both clinical and confirmatory, for instance, the Electroencephalogram. The brain carries two major parts, c erebrum and brain stem. When they have any cause of damaged that might be a final result in brain death. Each one has primary roles in a person's life, because they are responsible for the main operations in human survival, especially the regulation of cardiac and respiratory functions.The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and divided into two hemispheres (Fall & Bergman, 1998). There are main functions for he brain cerebrum without them no human can live. It is important to be concerned with functional specialization of different regions of the cerebrum to guide the treatment of the physician and assists them in making the right diagnosis. The cerebrum has a large primary sensory area, which is responsible for general sensation, for example, smell, vision, and hearing.The motor area is responsible for controlling the skeletal muscles, and the association area of the cortex has operations similar to the sensory areas but more complicated such as behavior, communication and i ntellect (ibid). Secondly, the brain stem is located in the posterior division of the brain and connected to the spinal cord. Beside that it includes three significant parts; medulla obbligato, pens and mandarin. Each one controls principal performance and it is the pathway of sending and receiving sensory information signals from the body to the brain.It has other important functions that have a major affect on a person such as regulation of the respiratory system, consciousness, alertness and awareness (Kiering & Barr, 2009). In general, both cerebrum and brain stem damage may end a arson's life because they contain all the regulation centers for all of the most critical functions that are needed to sustain life. There are many criteria to diagnose brain death. Each country has their organization, but there are general rules and guidelines in determining brain death for patients worldwide.There are important tools to consider when deciding whether the patient is dead or not, befor e the process of diagnosis of death by the criteria. The first tool is a person who is approaching the protocol of brain death qualified? For example, an ICC physician, an anesthesiologist, an internist, a neurosurgeon or a neuron physician are allowed and qualified to perform the tests because they have studied and trained to diagnose brain death, but a dermatologist or an ophthalmologist they have not done training on that.Although, they need to know the state of the patient and must be in a coma with ventilator support and the cause of their comatose condition must be rolled out, for instance, Head trauma, Cardiovascular hemorrhage, cerebral Anglia or primary brain tumor. Next, the cause of brain damage must be clarified six hours before tarring brain functions evaluation. Finally, the patient should not be hypothermia and body temperature has to be above 34 C or 32 C in some countries protocol and the person should not be under sedatives, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant†¦ E tc Drugs for at least the previous five days. When these tools completed correctly the physician can start the diagnosis in following exam steps. The first clinical examination is to confirm that the patient is in a coma and to make sure a patient is not having any seizure activity in the brain. Furthermore, the physician needs to test he absence of motor response by painful stimulation for both hands and feet. It is required to do these evaluation exams on the standard method before starting the brain stem reflexes test because each exam depends on the previous one to give correct final result.Once the physician has done from the previous evaluation he will start the brain stem reflexes tests, which called the first clinical examination. These are five different exams and begin with papillary response. The light stimulation to test the pupil response by bright beam of light on both eyes, for example, a pen alights. Also, corneal reflex is involuntary blinking and has to be tested v ia a wisp of cotton wool to touch the cornea. Thirdly, cool-cephalic reflex it does perform by moving the head to a different direction and monitor the retina changes during the head movements.Fourthly, vestibule-ocular reflex this another test to activated eye movements by injecting both ears about 50 ml of ice-cold water or saline for adult, but children, less than 20 ml may be used. After all, upper and lower airways stimulation is produce either gagging or coughing. Furthermore, this exam's purpose or provoke the pharynx and trachea. For instance, using catheter leads down to reach into the pharynx and the trachea (Saudi center of organ transplantation, 2009). Accordingly, all those brain stem tests should result an absent responses to declare brain stem death.After finalization of the first examination, it's recommended to not start the second clinical test before 6 hours from the time of first exam end for an adult and after 12 hours for children (above 1 year),24 hours for in fants (above 60 days-I year) and 48 hours for neonate (7 days-60 days). Therefore to have enough mime to perform the confirmatory tests, such as Electroencephalogram (EGG) which is a machine that has 21 electrodes connected to the skull to cover all the brain regions and measures the electrical activity of the brain (ibid).In fact, the EGG and other confirmatory tests are optional in some countries but it is often helpful for the physician to prove that the brain is permanently damaged by having more than one test that confirms his diagnosis and prognosis. The next clinical exam is apneas; it is done to indicate the failure of involuntary respiration. This exam has a specific rotator to perform it, such as an increase the inspired fraction of oxygen without changing the ventilation rate, disconnect the patient from the ventilator for 10 minutes and supply a continuous flow of humidified air.These procedures are done to detect if there is any attempt for the patient to breathe (ibid) . Another test that is sensitive in analyzing the circulation in the brain is transitional Doppler (ETC) this examination detects the velocity of the blood that's circulating in the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It uses ultrasonic waves that are focused onto a beam that is directed at different depths and angles by an experienced operator. The technologist uses sites on the skull where the bone is relatively thin and relatively close to the major vessels whose blood flow velocities are critical.One major vessel that supplies the brain is the Middle Cerebral Artery (MAC). When the blood flow circulation is compromised to the extent that survivability is not possible the ETC shows reverberating waveforms as the blood ceases to flow in it's normal direction and instead is ineffectually regurgitating back and forth without flow in espouse to the heart contraction. Later there are systolic spikes that indicate some increased pressure in the vessel with heart con traction but without effective flowing of blood through the vessel.The last signal that is compatible with brain death is a loss of signal entirely indicating no activity in the vessel and no recordable blood flow in the critical vessels of the brain. In conclusion, the concept of brain death has developed with period of the medical field improvements. The absence of a rich uninterrupted supply of oxygen is imperative to supply the brain and maintain unconsciousness and provide for the populations of neurons to continue to function properly.Trauma, disorders and diseases which impair circulation in the cerebral cortex and brain stem bring about a cascading assortment of symptoms that if not reversed results in death. The protocols and guidelines for brain death determination have been established for the safety of the patient to distinguish between patients who have suffered a life-threatening insult, but who may recover and those unfortunate individuals in whom there is no hope for recovery.